Svein Bråthen

• Kowalska, Aleksandra & Bråthen, Svein (2026). Life cycle emissions of electric and internal combustion vehicles in Poland: a comparative assessment with distance intersection point analysis. Journal of Transport and Sustainability (JTaS). 2(1), p. 144–166. doi: 10.1108/jtas-08-2025-0050. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Purpose This study examines the life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of electric vehicles (EVs) in Poland, where the electricity grid remains one of the most polluting in the European Union (EU). Design/methodology/approach Using a life cycle assessment (LCA) approach and a distance intersection point (DIP) calculator, the environmental performance of EVs was compared with internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) in three vehicle classes – small city cars, mid-size cars and SUVs – at different operational periods and annual mileage levels. Coefficients applied in the calculators were derived from literature and publicly available vehicle data. Emissions from the use phase reflect Polish grid decarbonization under the National Energy Policy (PEP2040). Findings The results show that while EVs generally have lower life cycle GHG emissions than ICEVs, the advantage depends on vehicle size, lifespan, mileage and electricity mix. Replacing a compact, fuel-efficient ICE with a larger EV can result in higher total emissions, whereas comparing vehicles within the same class – such as medium-sized cars or SUVs – EVs tend to perform better over time. For small city cars, the emission savings are less certain and depend heavily on annual mileage. Over a 16-year lifetime at 15,000 km/year, a mid-size EV emits about 40% less GHGs than an equivalent ICEV under PEP2040. Its DIP would be 114,000 km, decreasing to 73,000 km under an EU-aligned grid. Break-even distance decreases across all classes and the difference between PEP2040 and EU-aligned grid diminishes with vehicle size, due to higher battery production emissions. Originality/value EV sustainability results appear to be country specific and car size dependent.

• Bråthen, Svein & Odeck, James Oyugi (2025). Tolls. In Nelson, John D.; Mulley, Corinne & Ison, Stephen (Ed.), Elgar Encyclopedia of Transport and Society. Edward Elgar Publishing. ISSN 9781035330522. p. 392–393. doi: 10.4337/9781035330522-00200. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Tolls are the charging of a price to transport users for using transport infrastructure. Tolls are levied for funding and not for internalising negative external effects. They are often used for replacing public funds, and the economic efficiency effects need attention. One is that tolls may cause a potential productivity loss in the local labour market, resulting from a contraction if regular commuting is crowded out by tolls. Equity effects are an important matter of interest. Higher toll rates affect different population segments unequally, but the equity effects have more to do with location than with specific income groups.

• Sakita, Benjamin Mosses; Helgheim, Berit & Bråthen, Svein (2024). The Principal-Agent Theoretical Ramifications on Digital Transformation of Ports in Emerging Economies. Logistics. 8(2). doi: 10.3390/logistics8020051. Full text in Research Archive
• Akbar, Usman; Jain, Avi Anand & Bråthen, Svein (2024). Sustainability assessment of inter-urban crowdshipping - A case study approach. Research in Transportation Economics. ISSN 0739-8859. 103. doi: 10.1016/j.retrec.2024.101409. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Given the severity and effects of global warming, countries are undertaking attempts to restrict emissions through research, carbon taxes, and other means and policies. Over the last decade, one promising emerging concept in the sharing economy has been crowdshipping. It is currently in its early phases, with little research on its sustainability, particularly while operating in inter-city or inter-urban areas. This study focuses on the sustainability assessment of inter-urban crowdshipping through a case study approach, where the existent literature is scarce. The research employs a multi method quantitative approach with a case study, where descriptive analysis is used to explore the case company's operations. It addresses the other research questions by performing environmental and financial impact assessment considering two relevant scenarios with postal services and transporter operations. Data from the carrier's (Nimber AS, Norway) platform were extracted over 6 months and complemented with a survey for analysis. When compared to alternative scenarios in which 3 PL service providers are utilized, crowdshipping appeared to contribute to lower emissions. It also seemed to be more cost-effective for the users. Unpublished evidence from the ongoing EU LEAD project suggests that access to micro-hubs could be one important urban logistics policy instrument to enhance efficiency for crowdshipping platforms.

• Bråthen, Svein (2024). Policies to support air connectivity : the Norwegian case. In Majewski, Edward; Stasiczak, Konrad; Huderek-Glapska, Sonia; Olipra, Łukasz & Augustyniak, Wojciech (Ed.), Air transportation industry : history and developments. CRC Press. ISSN 9781003437604. p. 152–166. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Air Transportation Industry considers the influence of political, legal, economic, social, and technological factors on the developments in the industry. It provides a brief historical background of the air transport industry, the determinants of the changes in the airline business, and adaptation processes that resulted in the evolution of business models and structural changes in the industry. Utilizing a unique database containing the characteristics of more than 16,000 air carriers worldwide, the book discusses key findings related to changes in the transport capacity of airlines operating at different points in time, including the length of the lifecycle and reasons for termination of activity, types, and geographical scope of operations. It also explores the impacts of global and regional-scale legal regulations. The book will interest air transportation and airport operations researchers. It can also serve as a reference for management and operations transportation students in logistics, air transportation, and economics courses.

• Tolcha, Tassew Dufera; Bråthen, Svein & Holmgren, Johan (2023). Causal relationships between the African aviation industry and the economy. In Button, Kenneth (Eds.), Airlines and Developing Countries. Emerald Group Publishing Limited. ISSN 9781804558614. p. 63–88. doi: 10.1108/S2212-160920230000010005. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  It is important for stakeholders to understand the driving forces of the aviation industry and economic wellbeing and how these sectors are interconnected. This chapter studies the relationships between the African aviation industry and the economy. It is framed as a causal linkage considering the priority investment sector that enhances the sustainable wellbeing of the society. Analyses were conducted for 38 African countries using time series data from 1981 to 2019. The results show that causal relationships are heterogeneous and context-specific. Four patterns of causal relationships between air travel demand and the economy are identified: unidirectional causality in either directions; bidirectional causality; and indeterminate causal direction. However, the causal direction in any economic or policy-related matter may change with political reforms and changes to economic policy.

• Mwesiumo, Deodat Edward; Halpern, Nigel; Bråthen, Svein; Budd, Thomas & Suau-Sanchez, Pere (2023). Perceived benefits as a driver and necessary condition for the willingness of air passengers to provide personal data for non-mandatory digital services at airports. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice. ISSN 0965-8564. 171(May), p. 1–16. doi: 10.1016/j.tra.2023.103659. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The willingness of individuals to provide personal data is of interest to policymakers and practitioners seeking to develop more intelligent transportation systems that create value for passengers using technologies, as well as to leverage the use of data more generally to accelerate digital transformation. This study examines the role of perceived benefits as a driver and necessary condition for the willingness of air passengers to provide personal data for non-mandatory digital services at airports. These are services that are not essential for the operation of the airport or for the safety and security of passengers but can enhance the passenger experience or generate additional revenue for the airport. Examples include receiving notifications to a mobile device about their journey and related products and services, accessing customer services online, joining and receiving electronic information from an airport loyalty programme, and making payments for products and services online or via a mobile application. The analysis is based on two samples of 235 and 218 respondents to an online survey where the second sample is used for the purpose of replication. Responses were analysed using a recently developed complementary approach that combines partial least squares structural equation modeling and necessary condition analysis. The findings confirm that perceived benefits are a significant driver and necessary condition for passengers’ willingness to provide personal data. More so, perceived benefits significantly attenuate the negative effect that privacy concerns have on passengers’ willingness to provide personal data. The findings offer theoretical and methodological contributions, as well as implications for policy and practice.

• Sakita, Benjamin Mosses; Helgheim, Berit & Bråthen, Svein (2023). Drivers, barriers, and enablers of digital transformation in maritime ports sector : a review and aggregate conceptual analysis. In Martins, Ana Lucia; Ferreira, Joao C.; Kocian, Alexander; Tokkozhina, Ulpan; Helgheim, Berit & Bråthen, Svein (Ed.), Intelligent Transport Systems : 7th EAI International Conference, INTSYS 2023, Molde, Norway, September 6-7, 2023, Proceedings. Springer. ISSN 9783031493799. p. 3–33. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-49379-9_1. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This paper develops a conceptual framework for digital transformation in the maritime ports sector. The study combines a systematic literature review and aggregate conceptual analysis to explicate drivers, barriers, and enablers of digital transformation. Our literature review is grounded in maritime ports’ existing albeit scant empirical evidence. Our attempt bridges the existing gap in ports literature review that has included articles from sources outside the maritime industry’s domain. We deploy aggregate conceptual analysis on 35 maritime port related empirical literature and rank emerging concepts with respect to digital transformation phenomenon. We then synthesize 32 concepts deemed essential for the effective implementation of digital transformation in the ports sector. In doing so, four thematic categories emerge: i) drivers, ii) barriers, iii) enablers, and iv) digital transformation idiosyncrasies in ports. In terms of contribution, this study is one of the earliest efforts to aggregate factors related to digital transformation in the maritime ports sector. Our findings provide actionable insights that enable managers of maritime ports, stakeholders, and policymakers to successfully navigate the digital transformation process. For researchers, directions for future research are offered.

• Tveter, Eivind; Holmgren, Johan & Bråthen, Svein (2023). Time-varying travel demand elasticities and second-best road tolls. Journal of Transport Economics and Policy. ISSN 0022-5258. 57(2), p. 131–150. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  We estimate shortrun generalised cost elasticities using a case study where high road tolls have been removed, and assess how these elasticities vary through out the day and the week. The characteristics of this case enable us to iso late the demand effect because there are no alter native routes. Our results show that the elasticity is twice as high at the week end as during the work ing week, with stable effects through out the days in the work ing week. We also use the results to illustrate a use of time varying tolls to maximise welfare (second best road tolls) under a financial constraint.

• Halpern, Nigel; Budd, Thomas; Suau-Sanchez, Pere; Bråthen, Svein & Mwesiumo, Deodat Edward (2021). Conceptualising airport digital maturity and dimensions of technological and organisational transformation. Journal of Airport Management. ISSN 1750-1938. 15(2), p. 182–203. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  As airports undergo digital transformation, ie a paradigmatic shift in the way digital technologies are adopted and used, there is a need for actionable insights to ensure that airport digital maturity is achieved. Using an integrative review of literature, this paper develops an airport digital maturity model, focusing mainly on a passenger experience perspective. The paper then delineates two dimensions of digital transformation — technological and organisational. Subsequently, an airport digital transformation model is conceptualised to identify key factors that airports need to consider when transforming their business and to analyse interesting lines of enquiry for future research. Insights offered by the model are relevant to both practitioners and researchers interested in conducting future studies in this area. Keywords: airports, maturity models, digital transformation, technology, organisation

• Budd, Thomas; Suau-Sanchez, Pere; Halpern, Nigel; Mwesiumo, Deodat Edward & Bråthen, Svein (2021). An assessment of air passenger confidence a year into the COVID-19 crisis : a segmentation analysis of passengers in Norway. Journal of Transport Geography. ISSN 0966-6923. 96(October), p. 1–12. doi: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2021.103204. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The COVID-19 crisis has become the most intense and long-lasting in the history of aviation. There is already a significant literature on the immediate impact of the outbreak, as well as on speculation on the future evolution of the industry. This paper seeks to contribute to this discussion by assessing a year into the crisis the demand related aspects and passenger behavioural impacts of the pandemic. Specifically, the paper aims to identify discrete market segments of air passengers according to their shared attitudes and preferences about air travel in light of the COVID-19 crisis, as well as past behaviour and future travel intentions. To achieve this, we analyse data from a large (n = 2096) online questionnaire survey of air passengers in Norway. The cluster analysis identifies four distinct passenger segments, with each displaying varying attitudes, behaviours, and levels of concern about air travel. One of these groups, described as the ‘Apprehensive Elders’, were identified as having the highest level of concern about flying, and subsequently showed a sharp decline in their intention to travel in the future. Another group, termed the ‘Cautious Commuters’, showed similarly enhanced levels of concerns about flying, but maintained a high propensity to fly following the pandemic despite these concerns. Regarding possible interventions to increase confidence in flying in the future, across all segments the data shows a clear preference for more ‘traditional’ active interventions, including wearing of face masks and enforcement of physical distancing, over and above passive or technological interventions. Norway represents a valuable case as a possible signal for future policy and practice in relation to the recovery of air travel following the pandemic. The findings have important implications for air transport managers and decision makers in terms of managing the perceptions and expectations of different passenger groups as air travel begins to return. Keywords: COVID-19, Norway, aviation, passenger behaviour, survey

• Mwesiumo, Deodat Edward; Halpern, Nigel; Budd, Thomas; Suau-Sanchez, Pere & Bråthen, Svein (2021). An exploratory and confirmatory composite analysis of a scale for measuring privacy concerns. Journal of Business Research. ISSN 0148-2963. 136(November), p. 63–75. doi: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.07.027. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This paper reports a confirmatory composite analysis of a scale for measuring privacy concerns, and the effect of privacy concerns on the willingness to provide personal data. The analysis is based on 468 survey responses, divided into two contexts: airport digital services and online retail services. Results from both contexts confirm that privacy concerns consist of a third-order construct comprising two-second order constructs (interaction management and information management) and a first-order construct (awareness). The effect of privacy concerns on the willingness to provide personal data is higher in the airport digital context than in the online retail context. Also, the relevance of the three dimensions varies by context. Thus, researchers must carefully consider their research context and include items for the most relevant dimensions of privacy concerns in measurement models. Likewise, managers must prioritise dimensions of privacy concerns according to their business context. Keywords: privacy concerns scale, confirmatory composite analysis, partial least squares path modelling, airport management, online retail

• Halpern, Nigel; Mwesiumo, Deodat Edward; Budd, Thomas; Suau-Sanchez, Pere & Bråthen, Svein (2021). Segmentation of passenger preferences for using digital technologies at airports in Norway. Journal of Air Transport Management. ISSN 0969-6997. 91(March), p. 1–13. doi: 10.1016/j.jairtraman.2020.102005. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Airports are increasingly focused on implementing digital technologies at key stages of the airport journey to enhance the passenger experience. However, passengers have different preferences. TwoStep Cluster Analysis is used to reveal the presence of distinct segments according to their preferences. The findings are based on a survey of 6082 passengers at airports in Norway. Three distinct segments are identified: those that prefer traditional manual processes, those that prefer automated technology-based processes, and those that prefer more personalised technology-based processes. Significant differences are revealed for each segment according to passenger and trip characteristics and opinions regarding how the use of digital technologies at airports impact on personal privacy and human dignity. The findings contribute to knowledge on passenger preferences at airports and can help to inform airport decision making. Keywords: segmentation, digital technologies, airport experience, TwoStep cluster analysis

• Tolcha, Tassew Dufera; Eric, Tchouamou Njoya; Bråthen, Svein & Holmgren, Johan (2021). Effects of African aviation liberalisation on economic freedom, air connectivity and related economic consequences. Transport Policy. ISSN 0967-070X. 110(September), p. 204–214. doi: 10.1016/j.tranpol.2021.06.002. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This article investigates the effects of air transport liberalisation on economic freedom and air connectivity, and the extended effects on economic development. A PLS path modelling estimator, applied to annual data for 52 countries over the period 2011–2019, shows that aviation liberalisation promotes economic freedom and improves air connectivity. The results also reveal that the economic contribution of air transport liberalisation varies across African countries and regions, relative to their levels of economic freedom and air connectivity. It is concluded that removing barriers to trade using air transport, combined with institutions that support economic freedom and the quality of air connectivity, may foster countries’ economic development. Keywords: liberalisation, economic freedom, air connectivity, economic development, Africa

• Halpern, Nigel; Mwesiumo, Deodat Edward; Suau-Sanchez, Pere; Budd, Thomas & Bråthen, Svein (2020). Ready for digital transformation? The effect of organisational readiness, innovation, airport size and ownership on digital change at airports. Journal of Air Transport Management. ISSN 0969-6997. 90(January), p. 1–11. doi: 10.1016/j.jairtraman.2020.101949. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This study investigates the effect of organisational readiness, innovation and airport size and ownership on digital change at airports. Data is collected from a survey of managers at 94 airports worldwide and analysed using partial least squares structural equation modelling. Organisational readiness is found to have a direct effect on digital change. Organisational readiness also has a direct effect on innovation, which subsequently affects digital change. Airport size has a direct effect on digital change while the effect of ownership is not significant. The findings show that successful development of organisational readiness can be used to speed up the rate of innovation needed for digital change at airports. Keywords: innovation, organisational readiness, technology, digital transformation, airports

• Bråthen, Svein & Hoff, Karoline Louise (2020). Economic impact assessment of regulatory changes : a case study of a proposed new ICAO standard for contaminated runways. Sustainability. 12(15), p. 1–27. doi: 10.3390/SU12155897. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The literature on economic impact assessments (EIA) of regulatory changes in the transport sector is scarce. This study examines how a change in the regulatory framework for air transport could affect transport costs. The case in question is the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) State letter AN 4/1.2.26-16/19that proposed to set a higher minimum friction on runways operated during slippery conditions. This may affect operations, particularly in the northern hemisphere. Four Norwegian airports that operate under severe winter conditions are used as examples. Sudden cancellations or transfers to another airport give additional costs per passenger, ranging from NOK 750 to NOK 5600 per return flight. If these results are generalized to all affected flights in Norway, the annual estimate is NOK 400–450 million. These numbers may not seem exorbitant. However, the costs are mainly borne by a limited number of airports. Some of them may have to close during winter, with severe consequences for local communities. This study illustrates how effects of a proposed regulatory change may be assessed in order to aid the decision-making process. The impacts on aviation safety are not considered. Data on aircraft accidents in Norway do not indicate significant effects from the proposed regulatory change. Keywords: aviation ; economic impact assessment ; cost benefit analysis ; regulatory changes ; runways.

• Welde, Morten; Bråthen, Svein; Rekdal, Jens Ludvig & Zhang, Wei (2020). Road investments and the trade-off between private and public funding. Research in Transportation Economics. ISSN 0739-8859. 82(October), p. 1–9. doi: 10.1016/j.retrec.2020.100875. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This paper assesses the impacts tolls have on economic profitability. We show that Norway has a long and diversified tradition for financing road construction by means of tolls. 20–30 per cent of the total funds available for road funding consist of toll revenues. Despite this extensive use of tolls, there is a weak tradition for detailed studies of the economic effects from tolls. This implies that the net benefit of the projects may have been overestimated. In order to explore this in more detail, we have studied four tolled road projects. The paper provides an empirical assessment, by means of a transport model, of how to determine optimal funding in order to maximise net present value, given a set of financial and/or political constraints. The main finding of the paper is that tolling can have a significant impact on economic profitability and that these effects should be examined carefully as part of the basis for the investment decision. Keywords: tolls, road tolls, toll financing, appraisal, cost benefit analysis, economic profitability

• Marcucci, Edoardo; Gatta, Valerio; Pira, Michela Le; Hansson, Lisa & Bråthen, Svein (2020). Digital twins : a critical discussion on their potential for supporting policy‐making and planning in urban logistics. Sustainability. 12(24), p. 1–15. doi: 10.3390/su122410623. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Poor logistics efficiency, due to low load factors caused by high demand fragmentation, will have relevant negative consequences for cities in terms of pollution, congestion and overall city liveability. Policy-makers should equip themselves with appropriate tools to perform reliable, comprehensive and timely analyses of urban logistics scenarios, also considering upcoming (i) technological changes, (ii) business model evolutions and (iii) spatial-temporal changes these innovations will produce. This paper discusses the Digital Twin (DT) concept, illustrating the role it might play and clarifying how to properly conceive it with respect to urban freight transport policy-making and planning. The main message is that without a sound theory and knowledge with respect to the relationships linking contextual reality and choice/behaviour, it is not possible to make sense of what happens in the real world. Therefore, the joint use of behavioural and simulation models should characterise a DT within a Living Lab approach so to stimulate effective, well-informed and participated planning processes, but also to forecast both behaviour and reactions to structural changes and policy measures implementations. Keywords: digital twins, urban freight, living lab, behavioural models, policy, planning

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• Martins, Ana Lucia; Ferreira, Joao C.; Kocian, Alexander; Tokkozhina, Ulpan; Helgheim, Berit & Bråthen, Svein (2023). Intelligent Transport Systems : 7th EAI International Conference, INTSYS 2023, Molde, Norway, September 6-7, 2023, Proceedings. Springer. ISBN 9783031493799. 259 p. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Intelligent Transport Systems, INTSYS 2023, held in Molde, Norway, during September 6-7, 2023. With the globalization of trade and transportation and the consequent multi-modal solutions used, additional challenges are faced by organizations and countries. Intelligent Transport Systems make transport safer, more efficient, and more sustainable by applying information and communication technologies to all transportation modes. The 14 full papers included in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 39 submissions and are organized in three thematic sessions on transportation; smart cities and blockchain; networks.

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• Bråthen, Svein; Tveter, Eivind & Halse, Askill Harkjerr (2026). Klimamål må forplikte – ellers vil de vike for kortsiktige interesser. doi: https:/www.rbnett.no/meninger/o/m0ovO1/klimamaal-maa-forplikte-ellers-vil-de-vike-for-kortsiktige-interesser. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Et stadig viktigere spørsmål er i hvilken grad målene for transportpolitikken oppfattes som forpliktende.

• Halse, Askill Harkjerr; Wangsness, Paal Brevik; Bråthen, Svein; Tveter, Eivind & Babri, Sahar (2026). Hvordan få tallene til å telle. doi: https:/www.dn.no/innlegg/samfunnsokonomisk-lonnsomhet/politikk/samferdsel/hvordan-fa-tallene-til-a-telle/2-1-2004188. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Samfunnsøkonomiske analyser kan fortsatt få en sentral plass når samferdselspengene skal fordeles. Men da må både analytikerne og politikerne bidra.

• Steenberg, Glenn R.; Grande, Idar; Morken, Maria Norheim & Bråthen, Svein (2026). Kvalitetssikring av et tiltak for Sjøforsvaret (Konfidensiell). Full text in Research Archive
• Mikkelsen, Solveig; Hessen, Dag Olav & Bråthen, Svein (2025). Reagerer på nye regler: — Poenget med universitets­betegnelsen forsvinner. [Journal]. Khrono.no. doi: https:/www.khrono.no/reagerer-pa-nye-regler-poenget-med-universitetsbetegnelsen-forsvinner-1/987101. Full text in Research Archive
• Bråthen, Svein & Mikkelsen, Solveig (2025). Tjener 300.000 i året på bistilling: — Må være veldig bevisst på hvor grensene går. [Journal]. Khrono.no. Full text in Research Archive
• Martins, Ana Lucia; Ferreira, Joao C.; Kocian, Alexander; Tokkozhina, Ulpan; Helgheim, Berit & Bråthen, Svein (2024). Preface. Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering. ISSN 1867-8211. 540, p. v–v. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-49379-9. Full text in Research Archive
• Bråthen, Svein & Hoff, Svein Olav (2024). Beundret og omdiskutert - Gunnar S. Gundersen og Tønsbergdistriktet. In Bugge, Thorleif (Eds.), Berget 2024. Historisk årbok for Tønsberg. Berget - Historisk årbok for Tønsberg. ISSN 9788294135004. p. 26–39. Full text in Research Archive
• Bråthen, Svein (2024). Social Air Services (Videoforedrag gjennom Cranfield University, UK). Full text in Research Archive
• Bjørgen, Astrid; Bråthen, Svein; Hansson, Lisa & Bjerkan, Kristin Ystmark (2024). Editorial: The special issue on integrating e-commerce in urban mobility planning. Research in Transportation Economics. ISSN 0739-8859. 105(July). doi: 10.1016/j.retrec.2024.101439. Full text in Research Archive
• Bråthen, Svein (2024). Lavutslippsfly i Norge - en samfunnsøkonomisk vurdering. Full text in Research Archive
• Bråthen, Svein (2024). Digitaliseringens seige slit. Panorama : nettavis for Høgskolen i Molde. Full text in Research Archive
• Bråthen, Svein; Aasheim, Lillian & Heen, Eirik (2024). Tankevekker – 300 kroner å spare på full tank. [Journal]. Romsdals Budstikke Pluss. Full text in Research Archive
• Halpern, Nigel; Bråthen, Svein; Budd, Thomas; Mwesiumo, Deodat Edward & Suau-Sanchez, Pere (2023). Airport digital capabilities and passenger preferences for using digital technologies at airports in Norway. Full text in Research Archive
• Bråthen, Svein (2023). Kriterier for rangering av vegprosjekter. Full text in Research Archive
• Bråthen, Svein (2023). Er tiden moden for lavutslippsfly. Moderne Mobilitet og Infrastruktur. ISSN 2704-1514. 1(1). Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Denne artikkelen ser på mulige konsekvenser av innfasing av lavutslippsfly i perioden frem mot 2035. Ny teknologi er ett av flere virkemidler for å nå ambisiøse klimamålsettinger, der EU har et mål om klimanøytralitet i 2050. Målet med det arbeidet som denne artikkelen er basert på, har vært å vurdere om innføring av lavutslippsfly på det norske kortbanenettet kan være samfunnsøkonomisk lønnsomt. Vi fant at tiltaket ikke er samfunnsøkonomisk lønnsomt med dagens karbonpriser, men at det kan nærme seg lønnsomhet dersom en forventet framtidig 3-4-dobling av karbonprisen kommer vesentlig tidligere enn det som ligger til grunn for dagens offisielle prisbane. Det er fremdeles betydelig usikkerhet knyttet til både tekniske egenskaper og kostnader ved ny flyteknologi.

• Tveter, Eivind & Bråthen, Svein (2022). God grunn til å vente med store samferdselsprosjekter. Dagens næringsliv. ISSN 0803-9372. Full text in Research Archive
• Bråthen, Svein & Tveter, Eivind (2022). Er høye strømpriser kun til besvær? Full text in Research Archive
• Halpern, Nigel; Mwesiumo, Deodat Edward; Bråthen, Svein; Suau-Sanchez, Pere & Budd, Thomas (2022). NFR Project No. 283349: Digital capabilities and passenger benefits of a seamless and resilient Norwegian airport system. Full text in Research Archive
• Tveter, Eivind & Bråthen, Svein (2022). Vi har ikke skrevet at Ringeriksbanen skal skrotes [Replikk]. Dagens næringsliv. ISSN 0803-9372. p. 29–29. Full text in Research Archive
• Bråthen, Svein & Nergaard, Richard (2022). Professor mener ferjefri E39 kan vente fordi flere jobber heimefra. [Journal]. Romsdals Budstikke. Full text in Research Archive
• Bråthen, Svein & Tveter, Eivind (2022). Nei, Espeland, man produserer ikke skip på hjemmekontor. www.rbnett.no. Full text in Research Archive
• Berg, Dag Erik & Bråthen, Svein (2022). Prinsippløst forslag om skolepenger. Romsdals Budstikke.. ISSN 0806-5160. Full text in Research Archive
• Halpern, Nigel; Budd, Thomas; Bråthen, Svein; Mwesiumo, Deodat Edward & Suau-Sanchez, Pere (2022). Presentation for the industry partner Avinor on NRF project number 283349: Digital capabilities and passenger benefits of a seamless and resilient Norwegian airport system. Full text in Research Archive
• Mwesiumo, Deodat Edward; Halpern, Nigel; Budd, Thomas; Suau-Sanchez, Pere & Bråthen, Svein (2021). Privacy concerns and customer’s willingness to share personal data. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Although data is considered the new oil, privacy concerns among consumers limit its full potential. In our recent research, we have explored the effect of privacy concerns on customer’s willingness to provide personal data. Unlike previous studies, our study examines whether providing customers with information about the potential benefits of sharing personal data helps to reduce their resistance. Our analysis is based on a sample of 468 respondents in Norway, representing potential customers of airport services and online retailers. Results show that while the perception of benefits increases the willingness to share personal data with service providers, it does not significantly reduce the negative effect of privacy concerns. These results are interesting because they contradict a widely held assertion in the literature that customers’ willingness to share personal data significantly depends on the perceived benefits.

• Bråthen, Svein (2021). Styring i stampe. Panorama : nettavis for Høgskolen i Molde. Full text in Research Archive
• Bråthen, Svein (2021). Polarsirkelen og samfunnsøkonomi. Helgelendingen. Full text in Research Archive
• Hjelle, Harald M. & Bråthen, Svein (2021). Nullutslipp og selvkjøring : hvor går persontransportpolitikken? p. 22–23. Full text in Research Archive
• Bråthen, Svein (2021). Effekter av samspillskontrakter. Full text in Research Archive
• Bråthen, Svein (2021). Etter min oppfatning så burde man nå gjennomføre en faglig gjennomgang av metodikk og beregningsgrunnlag, framfor å skulle gjette på hvilken rapport som treffer best. RanaBlad. Full text in Research Archive
• Bråthen, Svein & Njarga, Berit B (2021). Fly i sommer? : slik kan flyprisene bli. [Internet]. Dagbladet Dinside. Full text in Research Archive
• Halpern, Nigel; Mwesiumo, Deodat Edward; Budd, Thomas; Suau-Sanchez, Pere & Bråthen, Svein (2021). Segmentation of passenger preferences to support investment and customer experience planning at airports. Full text in Research Archive
• Bråthen, Svein (2021). - Må regne med endringer på flyplasstrukturen på kortbanenettet. [Radio]. NRK P1 Finnmark. Full text in Research Archive
• Bråthen, Svein; Siem, Bård; Samuelsen, Geir; Varden, Arve; Landevaag, Thorgeir & Hareide, Knut Arild [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2021). 6 av 10 flypassasjerar forsvann i 2020. [Internet]. NRK. Full text in Research Archive
• Laingen, Maria; Bråthen, Svein; Torgersen, Paul & Woldseth, Merethe Kristin (2021). Her er gevinstene samspill gir i byggeprosjekter. www.tu.no. Full text in Research Archive
• Bråthen, Svein; Aasland, Sigrun Gjerløw; Orten, Helge; Nygård, Jon-Ivar & Espeland, Webjørn (2021). Sett ulønsame megaprosjekt på vent! [Internet]. nrk.no/mr. Full text in Research Archive
• Bråthen, Svein; Hervik, Arild & Grøvdal, Anker (2021). Lønnsomme samferdselsprosjekter - men for hvem? Full text in Research Archive
• Halpern, Nigel; Suau-Sanchez, Pere; Budd, Thomas; Mwesiumo, Deodat Edward & Bråthen, Svein (2021). Traveller opinions about Covid-19 and air travel. Full text in Research Archive
• Marcucci, Edoardo; Gatta, Valerio & Bråthen, Svein (2021). Editorial: E-groceries, digitalization and sustainability. Research in Transportation Economics. ISSN 0739-8859. 87(June), p. 1–4. doi: 10.1016/j.retrec.2021.101097. Full text in Research Archive
• Bruvoll, Annegrete; Bråthen, Svein; Babri, Sahar; Lilliestråle, Astrid & Støle, Øivind Hauge (2021). Et bedre bompengesystem må til – elbilen er jo ikke et mål i seg selv. Dagens næringsliv. ISSN 0803-9372. Full text in Research Archive
• Bråthen, Svein (2021). Polarsirkelen og samfunnsøkonomi. Rana Blad. p. 14–14. Full text in Research Archive
• Bråthen, Svein & Sørdal, Kristin (2020). Coronaviruset: spår prishopp på flyreiser. [Internet]. dinside.no. Full text in Research Archive
• Halpern, Nigel; Mwesiumo, Deodat Edward; Suau-Sanchez, Pere; Budd, Thomas & Bråthen, Svein (2020). Segmentation of traveler preferences for using digital technologies at airports. Full text in Research Archive
• Bråthen, Svein (2020). Effekter av nye gjennomføringsmodeller - noen foreløpige resultater. Full text in Research Archive
• Bråthen, Svein (2020). Fly og coronavirus: Kan bli enda billigere å fly. [Journal]. Dagbladet - Dinside. Full text in Research Archive
• Halpern, Nigel; Budd, Thomas; Suau-Sanchez, Pere; Bråthen, Svein & Mwesiumo, Deodat Edward (2020). Increased demand for technology at airports. Samferdsel. ISSN 0332-8988. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  A survey of over 6000 passengers at 8 airports in Norway reveals strong interest in the use of digital technologies at all stages of the airport journey. Passengers are however moderately concerned about the risks associated with sharing personal data.

• Gurría, Angel; Tsekeris, Dimitris; Grigoriou, Takis; Timmermans, Frans; Trio, Wendel & Bråthen, Svein [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2020). Milliarder i fossilstøtte står i veien for grønt skifte i Europa. [Internet]. energiogklima.no. Full text in Research Archive
• Bråthen, Svein (2020). Mener taxfree-ordningen bør avvikles. [Journal]. Panorama : nettavis for Høgskolen i Molde. Full text in Research Archive
• Bråthen, Svein & Lindvoll, Eilin (2020). Er storbyferien «død»? [Journal]. Din side. Full text in Research Archive
• Torgersen, Paul; Bråthen, Svein; Woldseth, Merethe & Laingen, Maria (2020). Samspill kan være vinn-vinn. p. 22–23. Full text in Research Archive
• Laingen, Maria; Bråthen, Svein; Torgersen, Paul & Woldseth, Merethe Kristin (2020). Samspill kan være vinn-vinn. Teknisk Ukeblad. ISSN 0040-2354. Full text in Research Archive
• Bråthen, Svein (2020). Samfunnsøkonomiske analyser i transportsektoren. Full text in Research Archive
• Bråthen, Svein (2020). Om høy strykprosent. Panorama : nettavis for Høgskolen i Molde. Full text in Research Archive
• Bråthen, Svein; Laingen, Maria; Woldseth, Merethe Kristin & Torgersen, Paul (2020). Samspill i bygg og anlegg kan være vinn-vinn. Full text in Research Archive
• Nilsen, Steinar; Morken, Maria Norheim; Berggren, Theo; Bakke, Jan Aleksander Olsen; Bråthen, Svein & Steenberg, Glenn (2026). KS2 Finansieringsgrunnlag Oslopakke 3 2027-2045 : utarbeidet for Samferdselsdepartementet og Finansdepartementet (Unntatt offentlighet). Marstrand AS. Full text in Research Archive
• Benjaminsen, Lill Veronika & Bråthen, Svein (2026). Kystverkets vurderinger og anbefalinger etter undersøkelse og kartlegging av U-864 i 2025 – 2026. Kystverket. doi: https:/www.regjeringen.no/no/dokumenter/kystverkets-vurderinger-og-anbefalinger-etter-undersokelse-og-kartlegging-av-u-864-2025-2026/id3171648/. Full text in Research Archive
• Halse, Askill Harkjerr; Wangsness, Paal Brevik; Babri, Sahar; Tveter, Eivind; Bråthen, Svein & Olsen, Silvia Johanne (2026). Veivalg for en realistisk og målrettet transportplan - Svar på første utredningsoppgave fra forskningssenteret TRANSPLAN. Transportøkonomisk institutt . ISSN 9788248016540. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  I denne rapporten gjør vi rede for og gir anbefalinger om viktige veivalg som bør tas tidlig i arbeidet med neste Nasjonal transportplan (NTP) for å oppnå en realistisk og målrettet plan, med omstillingen til lavutslippssamfunnet i 2050 som utgangspunkt. Veivalgene er knyttet til fire hovedtemaer. Det første handler om å fremme virkemidler som bidrar til bedre utnyttelse av eksisterende kapasitet i transportsystemet, særlig prising. Det andre handler om å utnytte samspillet mellom de ulike transportformene. Det tredje handler om å prioritere drift, vedlikehold og fornying og synliggjøre den samfunnsøkonomiske gevinsten av dette, med utgangspunkt i et nytt metodisk rammeverk som blir skissert i rapporten. Det er grunn til å tro at økt vedlikeholdsinnsats i mange tilfeller vil være samfunnsøkonomisk lønnsomt. Det fjerde veivalget handler om å legge til rette for informerte beslutninger gjennom en tydeligere struktur og kopling mellom mål og virkemidler, der en synliggjør alternativene til store investeringer som ofte har lav lønnsomhet og bidrar relativt lite til måloppnåelse.

• Draagen, Lars; Thune-Larsen, Harald; Farstad, Eivind & Bråthen, Svein (2025). Trafikkgrunnlag for ny Oslo-rute fra Mo i Rana lufthavn. Transportøkonomisk institutt . ISSN 9788248018162. doi: https:/www.toi.no/publikasjoner/trafikkgrunnlag-for-ny-oslo-rute-fra-mo-i-rana-lufthavn. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  De som bor i eller besøker influensområdet til flyplassene på Helgeland reiser mindre enn i tilsvarende områder. Dersom fremtidig reisetilbøyelighet vil tilsvare den vi finner i influensområder rundt sammenlignbare større flyplasser, vil den nye flyplassen kunne få rundt 315-330 000 passasjerer til/fra Oslo, når ruten er godt innarbeidet. En forutsetning er at det etableres ruter med større jetfly fra to flyselskaper. Elastisitetsbaserte framskrivninger av passasjertall er mest benyttet i norsk luftfart. Bruk av en slik modell gir et årlig passasjertall på opp mot 200 000 passasjerer i de første par årene etter åpning, under tilsvarende forutsetninger. Bruk av mindre fly og fravær av konkur- ranse gir vesentlig lavere trafikktall. Begge metoder er forbudet med usikkerhet når det skjer så store endringer i tilbud og priser som det forutsettes i scenariene som benyttes. Turisme og kurs/konferansemarkedet på Helgeland synes å ha et vesentlig potensial for utvikling forutsatt at flyselskaper og reiseliv jobber godt sammen.

• Kowalska, Aleksandra & Bråthen, Svein (2025). Life cycle emissions of electric and internal combustion engine vehicles in Poland: A comparative assessment with distance intersection point analysis. Høgskolen i Molde - Vitenskapelig høgskole i logistikk. Full text in Research Archive
• Steenberg, Glenn; Danielsen, Camilla F.; Hoddevik, Sara E.; Nakken, Olav & Bråthen, Svein (2025). Kvalitetssikring (KS2) av et tiltak i forsvarssektoren (konfidensiell). Marstrand AS og Høgskolen i Molde. Full text in Research Archive
• Vahr, Henning Refshauge; Nilsen, Steinar; Bråthen, Svein; Bakke, Jan Aleksander Olsen; Nesse, Anna & Wolmeke, Susanna [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2025). Ekstern kvalitetssikring, supplerende analyse av videre utredning Nationaltheatret : utarbeidet for Kultur- og likestillingsdepartementet og Finansdepartementet. Marstrand AS og Høgskolen i Molde. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Hovedrapport + 5 vedlegg: Vedlegg 1: Usikkerhetsanalyse : supplerende analyse av Nationaltheatret. Vedlegg 2: Samfunnsøkonomisk analyse : supplerende analyse av Nationaltheatret. Vedlegg 3: Utredningshistorikk : supplerende analyse av Nationaltheatret. Vedlegg 4: Møter med oppdragsgiver og interessenter : supplerende analyse av Nationaltheatret. Vedlegg 5: Grunnlagsdokumenter : supplerende analyse av Nationaltheatret.

• Steenberg, Glenn R.; Aagård, Morten; Bakke, Jan Alexander Olsen; Bråthen, Svein; Mohn, Daniel & Nilsen, Steinar [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2025). Supplerende analyse av G-blokken i Regjeringskvartalet (u. off.). Marstrand AS og Høgskolen i Molde. Full text in Research Archive
• Steenberg, Glenn; Bakke, Jan Aleksander Olsen; Bråthen, Svein; Ligård, Kaja & Røsjø, Magnus Jul (2024). Kvalitetssikring av konseptvalg (KS1) for et tiltak i justissektoren [Konfidensiell]. Marstrand og Høgskolen i Molde. Full text in Research Archive
• Nakken, Olav; Danielsen, Camilla Føske; Tomasgard, Tore; Bråthen, Svein; Nilsen, Steinar & Nesse, Anna [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2024). Ekstern kvalitetssikring KS1 : KVU innfarter til Tromsø : utarbeidet for Samferdselsdepartementet og Finansdepartementet. Marstrand AS og Høgskolen i Molde. Full text in Research Archive
• Steenberg, Glenn; Bakke, Jan Aleksander Olsen; Bråthen, Svein & Røsjø, Magnus Jul (2024). Konseptvalgutredning (KVU) for et prosjekt i justissektoren [Konfidensiell]. Marstrand . Full text in Research Archive
• Skjelsbæk, Petter; Tomasgard, Tore; Nørve, Hans Christian; Røsjø, Magnus Jul; Tveter, Eivind & Bråthen, Svein [Show all 8 contributors for this article] (2024). Ekstern kvalitetssikring KS1 : KVU Nord-Norgebanen : utarbeidet for Samferdselsdepartementet og Finansdepartementet. Marstrand AS og Høgskolen i Molde. Full text in Research Archive
• Nakken, Olav; Danielsen, Camilla Føske; Tomasgard, Tore; Bråthen, Svein; Nilsen, Steinar & Nesse, Anna [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2024). Ekstern kvalitetssikring KS1 : KVU transportløsninger i Nord-Norge : utarbeidet for Samferdselsdepartementet og Finansdepartementet. Marstrand AS og Høgskolen i Molde. Full text in Research Archive
• Halse, Askill Harkjerr; Wangsness, Paal B.; Steinsland, Christian; Jordbakke, Guri Natalie & Bråthen, Svein (2024). Ferjetilbud, avgangsfrekvens og ventetid. Betydning for transportanalyser og nytteberegninger. Transportøkonomisk institutt . ISSN 9788248015499. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  I denne rapporten ser vi på hvordan ferjetilbudet blir behandlet i transportmodeller/transportanalyser og samfunnsøkonomiske analyser, spesielt betydningen av hvor ofte ferja går. En kartlegging av dagens praksis viser at det varierer mellom ulike modeller og verktøy hvilke antakelser en gjør om ulempe knyttet til ventetid på ferje. Resultater fra Verdsettingsstudien i 2018 viser at de reisende har en verdsetting av kortere tid mellom avganger som stemmer ganske godt med eksisterende litteratur om ulempe knyttet til ventetid. I et regne-eksempel viser vi at det å ta hensyn til dette i nytte-beregn¬ingene vil kunne gi høyere beregnet trafikant-nytte av et tiltak som erstatter ferje med fast forbindelse. Det samme vil gjelde tiltak som øker antallet ferjeavganger.

• Steenberg, Glenn; Bremnes, Helge; Bråthen, Svein; Laingen, Maria; Nakken, Olav & Nilsen, Steinar [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2022). KS1 av P1107 Ny helikopterkapasitet : rapport utarbeidet for Forsvarsdepartementet og Finansdepartementet. Marstrand; Møreforsking. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Begrenset iht. sikkerhetsloven § 5-3 og § 5-4 jf. Offentlegslova § 13

• Nakken, Olav; Olaussen, Svein; Bråthen, Svein; Skjelsbæk, Petter; Bremnes, Helge & Mork, Anne Gudrun [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2022). Konseptvalgutredning om fremtidig løsning for Sysselmesterens tjenestefartøy på Svalbard : utarbeidet for Justis- og beredskapsdepartementet. Marstrand; Møreforsking. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Marstrand og Møreforsking (heretter omtalt MM) har fått i oppdrag å gjennomføre en konseptvalgutredning (KVU) om fremtidig løsning for Sysselmesterens tjenestefartøy på Svalbard, etter forespørsel fra Justis- og beredskapsdepartementet. Kontrakten for nåværende tjenestefartøy M/S Polarsyssel utløper i 2024, med opsjon til 2025. KVUen skal gi et grunnlag for å kunne velge fartøykonsept når nåværende avtaleperiode utløper. Fartøyet brukes hovedsakelig til beredskap, myndighetsutøvelse, tokt og tilsynsoppgaver, men også i noen grad til velferd, representasjon, frakt av gods, forskningsoppdrag m.m. Beredskapsrollen har blitt viktigere de senere årene, i takt med økt turisme. Tjenestefartøyet støtter opp under målene for norsk Svalbardpolitikk, og utgjør sammen med redningshelikoptre og Kystvakten den statlige beredskapen på Svalbard.

• Skjelsbæk, Petter; Steenberg, Glenn; Bråthen, Svein; Bremnes, Helge; Bakke, Jan Aleksander Olsen & Ligård, Kaja [Show all 7 contributors for this article] (2022). Erstatning for feltvogn Mercedes-Benz : utarbeidet for Forsvarsdepartementet og Finansdepartementet 9. desember 2022. Unntatt offentlighet, Offl.§21. Marstrand og Møreforsking. Full text in Research Archive
• Bråthen, Svein; Tomasgard, Tore & Bergem, Bjørn Greger (2022). Tilrettelegging for lavutslippsfly : en samfunnsøkonomisk vurdering : noen anslag basert på dagens kunnskapsstatus. Møreforsking. Full text in Research Archive
• Bråthen, Svein; Thune-Larsen, Harald; Laingen, Maria; Mork, Anne G. & Østli, Vegard (2021). Samfunnsøkonomisk analyse av ny Bodø lufthavn og gevinstrealiseringsplan som grunnlag for KS2. Møreforsking AS. ISSN 9788278303443. Full text in Research Archive
• Bråthen, Svein; Thune-Larsen, Harald; Mork, Anne Gudrun & Laingen, Maria (2021). Kjøp av flyruter på rutestrekningene i Troms og Finnmark og mot Nordland fra 1. april 2022. Møreforsking AS. ISSN 9788278303429. Full text in Research Archive
• Thune-Larsen, Harald; Bråthen, Svein & Mork, Anne Gudrun (2020). Flyrutetilbudet mellom Rørvik, Namsos og Trondheim. Transportøkonomisk institutt . ISSN 9788248023043. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Dagens FOT-ruter mellom Namsos (OSY), Rørvik (RVK) og Trondheim virker med ett unntak vel tilpasset etterspørselen etter flyreiser slik den så ut i 2019. Unntaket er morgenruten sørover, som har svært høy kapasitetsutnyttelse mandagonsdag. Trafikkveksten til 2026/27 anslås til ca. 10 prosent regnet fra 2019. Vår anbefaling til krav ved neste anbud er i hovedsak 3 daglige frekvenser i hver retning, 20 000/30 000 seter per år per retning for OSY/RVK og samarbeid med Nordland for å tilføre økt kapasitet på morgenen. En morgenrute fra Mosjøen med mellomlanding i OSY mandag-onsdag anslås å koste operatøren ca. 1 million kr ekstra/år. Emneord: FOT-ruter, luftfart

• Hoff, Karoline Louise & Bråthen, Svein (2020). Samfunnsøkonomisk analyse av endret lufthavnstruktur i Lofoten og Vesterålen : fase 2: aktuelle alternativer for en større lufthavn i Lofoten. Møreforsking. ISSN 9788278303245. Full text in Research Archive
• Hoff, Karoline Louise & Bråthen, Svein (2020). Revidert samfunnsøkonomisk analyse av endret lufthavnstruktur i Lofoten og Vesterålen : fase 1: Stokmarknes og Svolvær lufthavner - REVIDERT. Møreforsking. ISSN 9788278303252. Full text in Research Archive
• Thune-Larsen, Harald; Bråthen, Svein & Mork, Anne Gudrun (2020). Rammevilkår for flyruter fra Florø og Ørsta/Volda. Møreforsking. ISSN 9788278303337. Full text in Research Archive
• Halpern, Nigel; Budd, Thomas; Suau-­Sanchez, Pere; Bråthen, Svein & Mwesiumo, Deodat Edward (2020). Survey on Digital Maturity and Transformation at Avinor Airports. Kristiania University College. Full text in Research Archive
• Halpern, Nigel; Budd, Thomas; Suau-­Sanchez, Pere; Bråthen, Svein & Mwesiumo, Deodat Edward (2020). Survey on Airport Digital Maturity and Transformation. Kristiania University College. Full text in Research Archive
• Bruvoll, Annegrete; Babri, Sahar; Bråthen, Svein; Lilliestråle, Astrid; Støle, Øivind Hauge & Fon, Anders-Martin [Show all 9 contributors for this article] (2020). På veg mot et bedre bomsystem : utfordringer og muligheter i det grønne skiftet : rapport fra utvalg - Framtidige inntekter i bomringene. Samferdselsdepartementet. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Hovedbudskap. Bompengeinnkreving i byene har flere formål. Bompenger skal bidra til å finansiere transport¬løsninger, til nullvekst i personbiltransporten og overgang til elbiler, de skal gi mindre køer og lavere helse- og miljøskadelige utslipp. Noen av disse effektene står i motstrid til hver¬andre. For eksempel vil elbilfordeler gi økt trafikk og mer kø. Bruk av ett spesifikt virkemiddel for å oppnå flere ulike mål er dermed krevende. Fritak og reduserte takster for elbiler reduserer bompen¬geinntektene, og undergraver dermed deres bidrag til å finansiere kollektivtransport, sykkelveger og andre tiltak i bypakkene. Videreføring av finansi¬eringsbidraget krever et visst transportvolum, noe som gjør at nullvekstmålet blir vanskelig å oppnå med dagens struktur på bomtakstene. En balansert oppnåelse av alle målene vil kreve en kombinasjon av virkemidler rettet mer direkte mot de målene en ønsker å oppnå: god og forutsigbar finansiering, reduserte køer, lavere utslipp av klimagasser og lokale utslipp, og færre helseskader og miljøulemper ved vegtrafikken. Utvalgets analyser illustrerer mulighetsområder for kombinasjoner av bompengetakster, inntekter og tra-fikkvekst fram mot 2030. Skal trafikken begrenses, vil også bompengeinntektene bli redusert så lenge en holder fast ved dagens elbilfordeler, mens en politikk for økte inntekter også vil måtte øke trafikkvolumet. Dersom elbilfordelene avvikles, vil inntektene gå opp, men en må fortsatt avveie inntekter mot trafikkvekst. Et alternativ med vegprising og internalisering av eksterne kostnader gjennom et kilometerbasert innkrevingssystem vil gi klart høyest inntekter, og en viss reduksjon i trafikken. Det kan også tenkes kilo-meterbaserte varianter der en gir avkall på full inter¬nalisering og dimensjonerer med inntekter omtrent som i dag, men hvor en har innslag av tidsvariabilitet og hvor andre eksterne kostnader hensyntas. Da vil en fortsatt oppnå at belastningen ved finansieringen fordeles på all bilbruk, men trafikkveksten kan bli en utfordring.

• Halpern, Nigel; Budd, Thomas; Suau-Sanchez, Pere; Bråthen, Svein & Mwesiumo, Deodat Edward (2020). Infographic on digital technologies at airports [Brief]. [Ukjent]. Full text in Research Archive

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