Berit Irene Helgheim

• Elvas, Luìs B.; Nunes, Miguel; Afonso, José Augusto; Helgheim, Berit & Francisco, Bruno (2023). Mining tourists’ movement patterns in a city. In Martins, Ana Lucia; Ferreira, Joao C.; Kocian, Alexander; Tokkozhina, Ulpan; Helgheim, Berit & Bråthen, Svein (Ed.), Intelligent Transport Systems : 7th EAI International Conference, INTSYS 2023, Molde, Norway, September 6-7, 2023, Proceedings. Springer. ISSN 978-3-031-49379-9. p. 105–125. doi: https:/doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-49379-9_6. Show summary

  Although tourists generate a large amount of data (known as “big data”) when they visit cities, little is known about their spatial behavior. One of the most significant issues that has recently gained attention is mobile phone usage and user behavior tracking. A spatial and temporal data visualization approach was established with the purpose of finding tourists’ footprints. This work provides a platform for combining multiple data sources into one and transforming information into knowledge. Using Python, we created a method to build visualization dashboards aiming to provide insights about tourists’ movements and concentrations in a city using information from mobile operators. This approach can be replicated to other smart cities with data available. Weather and major events, for instance, have an impact on the movements of tourists. The outputs from this work provide useful information for tourism professionals to understand tourists’ preferences and improve the visitors’ experience. Management authorities may also use these outputs to increase security based on tourists’ concentration and movements. A case study in Lisbon with 4 months data is presented, but the proposed approach can also be used in other cities based on data availability. Results from this case study demonstrate how tourists tend to gather around a set of parishes during a specific time of the day during the months under study, as well as how unusual circumstances, namely international events, impact their overall spatial behavior.

• Sakita, Benjamin Mosses; Helgheim, Berit & Bråthen, Svein (2023). Drivers, barriers, and enablers of digital transformation in maritime ports sector : a review and aggregate conceptual analysis. In Martins, Ana Lucia; Ferreira, Joao C.; Kocian, Alexander; Tokkozhina, Ulpan; Helgheim, Berit & Bråthen, Svein (Ed.), Intelligent Transport Systems : 7th EAI International Conference, INTSYS 2023, Molde, Norway, September 6-7, 2023, Proceedings. Springer. ISSN 978-3-031-49379-9. p. 3–33. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-49379-9_1. Show summary

  This paper develops a conceptual framework for digital transformation in the maritime ports sector. The study combines a systematic literature review and aggregate conceptual analysis to explicate drivers, barriers, and enablers of digital transformation. Our literature review is grounded in maritime ports’ existing albeit scant empirical evidence. Our attempt bridges the existing gap in ports literature review that has included articles from sources outside the maritime industry’s domain. We deploy aggregate conceptual analysis on 35 maritime port related empirical literature and rank emerging concepts with respect to digital transformation phenomenon. We then synthesize 32 concepts deemed essential for the effective implementation of digital transformation in the ports sector. In doing so, four thematic categories emerge: i) drivers, ii) barriers, iii) enablers, and iv) digital transformation idiosyncrasies in ports. In terms of contribution, this study is one of the earliest efforts to aggregate factors related to digital transformation in the maritime ports sector. Our findings provide actionable insights that enable managers of maritime ports, stakeholders, and policymakers to successfully navigate the digital transformation process. For researchers, directions for future research are offered.

• Aravazhi, Agaraoli; Helgheim, Berit & Aadahl, Petter (2023). Decision-Making Based on Predictive Process Monitoring of Patient Treatment Processes: A Case Study of Emergency Patients. Advances in Operations Research. ISSN 1687-9147. p. 1–10. doi: 10.1155/2023/8867057. Show summary

  This paper investigates predictive process monitoring problems in emergency treatment by combining the fields of process management and artificial intelligence. The objective is to predict the next activity and its timestamp in the treatment of emergency patients who have undergone surgery at the gastroenterology or urology surgery units in a hospital in Norway. To achieve this goal, three models were developed using different algorithms, and the best performing model was identified using various performance metrics. The results demonstrate the potential of predictive process monitoring to accurately forecast the outcome of patient treatments. By leveraging the insights gained from predictive process monitoring, hospitals can make more informed decisions. The findings of this study suggest that predictive process monitoring holds significant promise as a tool for improving the efficiency and effectiveness of emergency patient treatment processes. This research has significant implications for the field of decision sciences, particularly regarding resource allocation, reducing waiting times, and improving patient outcomes. The ability to predict the outcomes of patient treatment processes has important implications for hospitals, allowing the streamlining and acceleration of the treatment process. Overall, this study provides a promising framework for predicting patient treatment processes by using the predictive process monitoring method. This could be expanded upon in future research, ultimately leading to improved patient outcomes and better decision-making in healthcare.

• Ferreira, Joao C.; Martins, Ana Lucia; Tokkozhina, Ulpan & Helgheim, Berit (2022). Fish control process and traceability for value creation using blockchain technology. In Abraham, Ajith; Madureira, Ana Maria; Kaklauskas, Arturas; Gandhi, Niketa; Bajaj, Anu; Muda, Azah Kamilah; Kriksciuniene, Dalia & Ferreira, Joao C. (Ed.), Innovations in Bio-Inspired Computing and Applications : Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Innovations in Bio-Inspired Computing and Applications (IBICA 2021) Held During December 16–18, 2021. Springer. ISSN 978-3-030-96298-2. p. 761–773. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-96299-9_72. Show summary

  Currently, the globe and, more specifically, corporate processes are evolving towards digitization and the elimination of time-consuming procedures. As origin knowledge and safety assurance of products became more important in establishing end-consumer confidence, traceability solutions are acute. A Blockchain (BC) is one of the most exciting disruptive technologies emerging today. The purpose of this study is to analyze the possibility of using BC to allow end-to-end supply chain (SC) management traceability and to provide a proposition of a BC application for fish tracking and control in SC contexts. The proposition demonstrates that BC provides the use of a single information system by several players across SC, resulting in more secure and efficient data sharing. A future understanding of the significance of BC technology usage as a traceability supplier and a detailed testing of a proposed architecture is identified as a diretion for future study. We, therefore, study current applications in supply chain management, with a big emphasis on the fish control process. Keywords: blockchain, traceability, supply chain, IoT, fish

• Slyngstad, Line & Helgheim, Berit (2022). How do different health record systems affect home health care? : a cross-sectional study of electronic- versus manual documentation system. International Journal of General Medicine. ISSN 1178-7074. 15, p. 1945–1956. doi: 10.2147/IJGM.S346366. Show summary

  Objective: To investigate electronic health record (EHR) systems compared to manual systems (MS) in home health care and how documentation and reporting activities are impacted regarding time use, variation, and accuracy. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of two municipalities (M1 and M2) that use statistical process control charts and interview with caregivers to discuss the issue. Regarding reporting, 309 observations were used for the control charts in M1 and 572 for those in M2. Concerning documentation, 831 observations were used for M1 and 572 for M2. In addition, interviews were conducted with four caregivers from each municipality. Results: The municipality with EHR system use 3% of their total time for documentation and 7% for reporting. The municipality with the MS uses 7% of their total time in documentation and 12% for reporting. There is less variation in the charts for the municipality with the EHR system, than for the municipality using an MS. Conclusion: The municipality using the EHR system uses less time for documentation and reporting than the other municipality. This is probably due to the standardization of information in M1, and that M2 needs to record documentation twice. The standardization arising from EHR use system may cause less variation in the process than the MS, but less variation might also negatively affect information accuracy. Reduced time for oral reporting also affects information accuracy. Keywords: statistical process control, variation, documentation accuracy, home health care, electronic health records

• Helgheim, Berit & Sandbæk, Birgithe Eckermann (2021). Who is doing what in home care services? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH). ISSN 1661-7827. 18(19), p. 1–9. doi: 10.3390/ijerph181910504. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: This paper investigates the distribution of work hours by activity, for the main staff categories in home care services in three rural Norwegian municipalities. In Norway these categories are registered nurses, assistant nurses and assistant health workers. (2) Methods: The three categories of home care staff recorded 20,964 eligible observations over 8 weeks. We identified 19 activities, which were recorded. The majority of staff used a smartphone application for the time measuring, while some staff used a manual form for reporting purposes. (3) Results: The registered nurses (RNs) spent 32% of their time on direct patient work, while driving accounted for 18%. Direct patient work and driving accounted for the majority of activities performed by assistant nurses (48% and 29%, respectively) and assistant health workers (70% and 17%, respectively). (4) Conclusions: The demand for home care services is increasing in terms of both size and complexity. Simultaneously, there is a growing shortage of skilled staff. RNs is the group with the least face-toface time with patients. To meet the patients’ needs, it is necessary to discuss and modify existing home care service systems in order to use resources appropriately and effectively. Keywords: home care, staffing, health care organizations and systems

• Aravazhi, Agaraoli; Helgheim, Berit & Jæger, Bjørn (2020). Investigation of the influence of product variety on inventories in hospitals. Engineering Management in Production and Services. ISSN 2543-6597. 12(1), p. 34–44. doi: 10.2478/emj-2020-0003. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  The literature on product variety provides great insights into various businesses. However, little research has been conducted on product variety in the healthcare industry. This study aims to explore the influence of product variety on inventory in hospitals. Since most hospitals are known to replenish products using a homegrown ad-hoc system, a model is developed for exploring all possible product combinations and substitutions. This article presents the behaviour of product substitution, which may be either one-to-one or many-to-one for both sterile and non-sterile products, in the hospital with cost factors. It discusses the product variety reduction and its corresponding cost impacts. The data on a hospital inventory over the course of six years has been procured from a hospital in Norway. Based on the results, the hospital could have a potential product variety reduction of approximately 11% and cost savings from the spending of approximately NOK 3.6 million. Reducing the variety of products in hospital inventories proves to be an approach to reducing costs. The model developed for the research is universal in nature and could be used in other fields, such as retail, marketing etc.

• Helgheim, Berit; Maia, Rui; Ferreira, Joao C. & Martins, Ana Lucia (2019). Merging data diversity of clinical medical records to improve effectiveness. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH). ISSN 1661-7827. 16(5). doi: 10.3390/ijerph16050769. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Medicine is a knowledge area continuously experiencing changes. Every day, discoveries and procedures are tested with the goal of providing improved service and quality of life to patients. With the evolution of computer science, multiple areas experienced an increase in productivity with the implementation of new technical solutions. Medicine is no exception. Providing healthcare services in the future will involve the storage and manipulation of large volumes of data (big data) from medical records, requiring the integration of different data sources, for a multitude of purposes, such as prediction, prevention, personalization, participation, and becoming digital. Data integration and data sharing will be essential to achieve these goals. Our work focuses on the development of a framework process for the integration of data from different sources to increase its usability potential. We integrated data from an internal hospital database, external data, and also structured data resulting from natural language processing (NPL) applied to electronic medical records. An extract-transform and load (ETL) process was used to merge different data sources into a single one, allowing more effective use of these data and, eventually, contributing to more efficient use of the available resources. Keywords: big data, data, ETL, framework, integration, knowledge, medical records, extract-transform and load

• Helgheim, Berit; Sandbæk, Birgithe Eckermann & Slyngstad, Line (2018). A prospective investigation of direct and indirect home care activities in three rural Norwegian municipalities. BMC Health Services Research. ISSN 1472-6963. 18(1). doi: 10.1186/s12913-018-3794-2. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Background: Home care providers struggle to manage their day-to-day work, which is increasing in volume and complexity. In general, they are expected to achieve more with the same planning methods, resources, and capacity. To meet emerging needs and use the available resources more effectively and efficiently, evidence and strategies are needed to inform planning methods for home care services. However, limited data are available to inform this change. This paper investigated the amount of time used to carry out direct activities and six indirect activities across three rural Norwegian municipalities (M1, M2 and M3). Methods: Home care staff recorded data over 8 weeks in 2016; the majority of the staff used a smartphone application and some staff used a manual form to report the durations of the activities. Results: The median time spent on direct activities was 11–13 min, and this work constituted less than 50% of the total work in the three municipalities. The median driving time was 5–7 min, which accounted for 43–54% of the total indirect work. Administration, particularly reporting and documentation, displayed greater differences across the municipalities, together accounting for 38–50% of the total indirect time. M2 and M3 used substantially more time for documentation, including 20 min in M2 and M3, in contrast to only 1 min in M1. Similarly, the median reporting times were 30 min (M2) and 28 min (M3), compared with only 17 min in M1. Conclusions: Home care staff spent less time on direct activities than on indirect activities, of which several activities have the potential for change. These results may help managers utilize resources effectively and plan appropriately, and they may also serve as a basis for future research to identify areas with improvement opportunities and, in turn, make more time available for direct patient care. Keywords: prospective study, activity data, rural home care services, direct and indirect home care, process investigation

• Simwita, Yusta Wilson & Helgheim, Berit Irene (2016). Simulation analysis of resource flexibility on healthcare processes. Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare. ISSN 1178-2390. 9, p. 519–528. doi: 10.2147/JMDH.S112713. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Purpose: This paper uses discrete event simulation to explore the best resource flexibility scenario and examine the effect of implementing resource flexibility on different stages of patient treatment process. Specifically we investigate the effect of resource flexibility on patient waiting time and throughput in an orthopedic care process. We further seek to explore on how implementation of resource flexibility on patient treatment processes affects patient access to healthcare services. We focus on two resources, namely, orthopedic surgeon and operating room. Methods: The observational approach was used to collect process data. The developed model was validated by comparing the simulation output with actual patient data collected from the studied orthopedic care process. We developed different scenarios to identify the best resource flexibility scenario and explore the effect of resource flexibility on patient waiting time, throughput, and future changes in demand. The developed scenarios focused on creating flexibility on service capacity of this care process by altering the amount of additional human resource capacity at different stages of patient care process and extending the use of operating room capacity. Results: The study found that resource flexibility can improve responsiveness to patient demand in the treatment process. Testing different scenarios showed that the introduction of resource flexibility reduces patient waiting time and improves throughput. The simulation results show that patient access to health services can be improved by implementing resource flexibility at different stages of the patient treatment process. Conclusion: This study contributes to the current health care literature by explaining how implementing resource flexibility at different stages of patient care processes can improve ability to respond to increasing patients demands. This study was limited to a single patient process; studies focusing on additional processes are recommended. Keywords: agile strategy, waiting time, throughput, patient access, responsiveness

• Simwita, Yusta Wilson & Helgheim, Berit Irene (2016). Improving surgeon utilization in an orthopedic department using simulation modeling. Journal of Healthcare Leadership. ISSN 1179-3201. 8, p. 41–50. doi: 10.2147/JHL.S112856. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Purpose: Worldwide more than two billion people lack appropriate access to surgical services due to mismatch between existing human resource and patient demands. Improving utilization of existing workforce capacity can reduce the existing gap between surgical demand and available workforce capacity. In this paper, the authors use discrete event simulation to explore the care process at an orthopedic department. Our main focus is improving utilization of surgeons while minimizing patient wait time. Methods: The authors collaborated with orthopedic department personnel to map the current operations of orthopedic care process in order to identify factors that influence poor surgeons utilization and high patient waiting time. The authors used an observational approach to collect data. The developed model was validated by comparing the simulation output with the actual patient data that were collected from the studied orthopedic care process. The authors developed a proposal scenario to show how to improve surgeon utilization. Results: The simulation results showed that if ancillary services could be performed before the start of clinic examination services, the orthopedic care process could be highly improved. That is, improved surgeon utilization and reduced patient waiting time. Simulation results demonstrate that with improved surgeon utilizations, up to 55% increase of future demand can be accommodated without patients reaching current waiting time at this clinic, thus, improving patient access to health care services. Conclusion: This study shows how simulation modeling can be used to improve health care processes. This study was limited to a single care process; however the findings can be applied to improve other orthopedic care process with similar operational characteristics. Keywords: waiting time, patient, health care process

• Kvadsheim, Nina Pereira; Wasamba, Cedric Kasongo; Helgheim, Berit Irene & Odeck, James (2015). Assessing the efficiency and productivity of passenger car sales in Norway : an application of Data Envelopment Analysis and Malmquist Productivity Indices. In Jæger, Bjørn (Eds.), NOFOMA 2015 : Post Conference Proceedings, Molde, 3-5 June 2015, Nordic Logistics Research Network. Nordic Logistics Research Network. ISSN 978-82-7962-207-9. p. 222–237. Show summary

  This study examines the efficiency and productivity of the Norwegian passenger car market. The impact of product variety i.e., the number of different variants of the same brand; on efficiency and productivity is also examined. Design/methodology/approach: Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is used to assess efficiency and its extension to Malmquist Productivity Index (MPI) to assess productivity. To infer the impact of product variety on efficiency and productivity, a truncated regression is used. Findings: On average, the Norwegian passenger car market has a great potential of improving its efficiency in sales by 40% and 65% under the assumption of variable and constant returns to scale of operation, respectively. The MPI reveals that car brands have progressed tremendously by about 38%. About 62% of the car brands studied showed productivity progress throughout the period studied. Product variety is found to impact efficiency positively and productivity negatively. Keywords: Norwegian passenger car sales, Efficiency, Productivity, Product variety.

• Hammervoll, Trond & Helgheim, Berit Irene (2015). Emergency response logistics. In Jæger, Bjørn (Eds.), NOFOMA 2015 : Post Conference Proceedings, Molde, 3-5 June 2015, Nordic Logistics Research Network. Nordic Logistics Research Network. ISSN 978-82-7962-207-9. p. 63–77. Show summary

  Emergency response logistics is an emerging field of interest among practitioners and academics, but we lack theoretical foundations. The purpose is to use insights from logistics and supply chain management to propose a theoretical point of departure and to point to interesting research opportunities. Keywords: Emergency network, structure, organization, effectiveness, emergency response logistics.

• Jæger, Bjørn; Rudra, Amit; Aitken, Ashley; Chang, Vanessa & Helgheim, Berit Irene (2015). Bridging the knowing-doing gap in global supply chain education. Communications of the Association for Information Systems. ISSN 1529-3181. 36, p. 393–420. doi: 10.17705/1cais.03621. Show summary

  Streamlining the operation of the extended global supply chain is challenging since it involves a multitude of information systems and companies in several countries. Academia partly fails to fulfill the demand for candidates with the knowledge and skills for executing international business transactions. Consequently, we lack candidates who can translate theory into actions, thereby creating a knowledge-doing gap. This paper contributes to bridging this gap by introducing a new learning activity: the global supply chain learning activity denoted as the GSC-Activity. The GSC-Activity lets students execute export and import transactions in an international business-to-business environment involving several companies while handling both the inter-company order flow and the internal order management cycles at each company using their ERP system. This provides student with deep exposure to the information flow along the chain and experience in executing export and import processes of each company. We provide a workable example of the GSC-Activity with a case study repeated over several semesters involving students from Australia and Norway.

• Sandbæk, Birgithe Eckermann; Helgheim, Berit Irene; Larsen, Odd I & Fasting, Sigurd (2014). Impact of changed management policies on operating room efficiency. BMC Health Services Research. ISSN 1472-6963. 14(224), p. 1–10. doi: 10.1186/1472-6963-14-224. Show summary

  Background: To increase operating room (OR) efficiency, a new resource allocation strategy, a new policy for patient urgency classification, and a new system for OR booking was implemented at a tertiary referral hospital. We investigated the impact of these interventions. Methods: We carried out a before-and-after study using OR data. A total of 23 515 elective (planned) and non-elective (unplanned) orthopaedic and general surgeries were conducted during calendar year 2007 (period 1) and July 2008 to July 2009 (period 2). The Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test was used to calculate statistical significance. Results: An increased amount of case time (7.1%, p < 0.05) was conducted without any increase in out-of-hours case time. Despite having three fewer ORs for electives, slightly more elective case time was handled with 26% less use of overtime (p < 0.05). Mean OR utilization was 56% for the 17 mixed ORs, 60% for the 14 elective ORs, and 62% for the 3 dedicated ORs. A 20% growth (p < 0.05) of non-elective case time was primarily absorbed through enhanced daytime surgery, which increased over 48% (p < 0.05). As a result, the proportions of case time on evenings and nights decreased. Specifically, case time at night decreased by 26% (p < 0.05), and the number of nights without surgery increased from 55 to 112 (out of 315 and 316, respectively). Median waiting time for the middle urgencies increased with 1.2 hours, but over 90% received treatment within maximum acceptable waiting time (MAWT) in both periods. Median waiting time for the lowest urgencies was reduced with 12 hours, and the proportion of cases treated within MAWT increased from 70% to 89%. The proportion of high urgency patients (as a proportion of the total) was reduced from 20% to 12%. Consequently, almost 90% of the operations could be planned at least 24 hours in advance. Conclusions: The redesign facilitated effective daytime surgery and a more selective use of the ORs for high urgency patients out of hours. The synergistic effect probably exceeded the sum of the individual effects of the changes, because the effects of each intervention facilitated the successful implementation of others.

• Rudra, Amit; Jæger, Bjørn; Aitken, Ashley; Chang, Vanessa & Helgheim, Berit Irene (2011). Virtual team role play using Second Life for teaching business process concepts. In Sprague, Jr., Ralph H. (Eds.), Proceedings of the 44th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences : 4-7 January 2011 Koloa, Kauai, Hawaii : ABSTRACTS and CD-ROM of Full Papers. IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers). ISSN 9780769542829. Show summary

  This paper describes the use of a virtual world environment to facilitate a role play assignment for buying and selling Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) software solutions in a distributed environment. The exercise involved the use of Second Life to facilitate the virtual presentation and meeting among the vendors and the purchaser of the software. Students playing vendors and purchase roles were organized into teams who meet, collaborate, and negotiate business transactions in the virtual environment. The aim of the experiment was to introduce students to properties of ERP-systems which are the most common software systems used by businesses, and at the same time introduce tools for virtual team collaboration in an international setting between students in Norway and Australia. This paper reports the experiences from the students’ and teachers’ perspectives and we give recommendations regarding the use of Second Life in role-playing exercises.

• Jæger, Bjørn & Helgheim, Berit Irene (2011). Virtual team role playing : development of a learning environment. In Vincenti, Giovanni & Braman, James (Ed.), Multi-user virtual environments for the classroom : practical approaches to teaching in virtual worlds. IGI Global. ISSN 9781609605452. p. 316–332. doi: 10.4018/978-1-60960-545-2.ch020. Show summary

  Working in a virtual world creates new opportunities for both students and teachers. In particular, virtual team role play provides excellent support for collaborative learning approaches in a cost efficient manner. The purpose of this chapter is to describe experiences developing a virtual team role play learning environment in Second Life® over a period of three years. Theoretical justification for bringing role playing into a virtual world is provided. The chapter outlines the role play, its setup in both real and virtual world, and describes how it has evolved from a setup at one university, to a distributed case involving several locations. Experiences from role playing sessions are presented for each year.

• Jæger, Bjørn & Helgheim, Berit Irene (2011). Globalization creates new challenges in higher education - two new educational activities addressing the challenges. In Pachura, Piotr (Eds.), New knowledge in a new era of globalization. IntechOpen. ISSN 978-953-307-501-3.
• Jæger, Bjørn; Rudra, Amit; Aitken, Ashley; Chang, Vanessa & Helgheim, Berit Irene (2010). Teaching business process concepts using enterprise systems in a globalized context. Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS). ISSN 1530-1605. p. 1–10. doi: 10.1109/HICSS.2010.362. Show summary

  There is significant growth in global business operations and ERP systems are deemed as important applications in order to unify and improve fragmented and globalised markets. These systems are complex and students struggle to grasp not only the underlying business concepts but also the technology involved. This paper describes the design and implementation of teaching materials for a multinational cross-company collaboration assignment using a commercial ERP system. It includes elements of i) integrated business processes, ii) globalization and iii) experiential learning in Masters courses at two universities - one in Australia and the other in Norway. We discuss the lessons learned from the pilot study including the development of an evaluation tool, inter-university student communication, evaluation of the learning outcome, and the benefits of the cross-country business role play exercise.

• Jæger, Bjørn & Helgheim, Berit Irene (2009). Role play study in a purchase management class. In Molka-Danielsen, Judith Ann & Deutschmann, Mats (Ed.), Learning and teaching in the virtual world of Second Life. Tapir Akademisk Forlag. ISSN 9788251923538. p. 115–123.
• Chesteen, Susan; Helgheim, Berit Irene; Randall, Taylor & Wardell, Don G. (2005). Comparing quality of care in non-profit and for-profit nursing homes: a process perspective. Journal of Operations Management. ISSN 0272-6963. 23(2), p. 229–242. Show summary

  Using data from a sample of nursing homes, this paper uses an operations centric approach to test the economic hypothesis asserting that quality in non-profit healthcare entities will exceed quality in for-profit counterparts [Arrow, K., 1963. Uncertainty and welfare economics of medical care. The American Economic Review, 5, 941-973]. For-profit healthcare entities face an inherent conflict between providing profits to investors and health welfare to patients. Thus, non-profit entities exist as a signal and evidence of higher quality services. To date, research examining differences in quality between for-profit and non-profit nursing homes has focused on a direct link between outcome quality and non-profit status. These studies have produced inconclusive or mixed results. We argue that non-profit or for-profit status and outcome quality are linked via two Intermediate factors, namely process quality and input quality. Consistent with many prior studies, we report no direct link between non-profit status and outcome quality. However, we report that process quality is indeed higher at non-profit nursing homes than for-profit nursing homes, but that input quality is lower. We also examine the association between outcome quality with process and input quality. We report that different aspects of process quality are tied to better outcome quality, but report several notable exceptions. This research provides support for Arrow's hypothesis at the process level and gives insights into the link between process quality, input quality and outcome quality in the nursing home environment. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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• Martins, Ana Lucia; Ferreira, Joao C.; Kocian, Alexander; Tokkozhina, Ulpan; Helgheim, Berit & Bråthen, Svein (2023). Intelligent Transport Systems : 7th EAI International Conference, INTSYS 2023, Molde, Norway, September 6-7, 2023, Proceedings. Springer. ISBN 978-3-031-49379-9. 259 p. Show summary

  This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Intelligent Transport Systems, INTSYS 2023, held in Molde, Norway, during September 6-7, 2023. With the globalization of trade and transportation and the consequent multi-modal solutions used, additional challenges are faced by organizations and countries. Intelligent Transport Systems make transport safer, more efficient, and more sustainable by applying information and communication technologies to all transportation modes. The 14 full papers included in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 39 submissions and are organized in three thematic sessions on transportation; smart cities and blockchain; networks.

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• Martins, Ana Lucia; Ferreira, Joao C.; Kocian, Alexander; Tokkozhina, Ulpan; Helgheim, Berit & Bråthen, Svein (2024). Preface. Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering. ISSN 1867-8211. 540. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-49379-9.
• Helgheim, Berit (2020). Opplevde suksess med omsorgsgrupper . [Internet]. nrk.no.
• Kristoffersen, Steinar; Straumsheim, Jens Petter & Helgheim, Berit (2020). Alt legges om for at studentene skal lykkes. [Internet]. mynewsdesk.com.
• Aravazhi, Agaraoli; Helgheim, Berit & Sandbæk, Birgithe Eckermann (2019). Identifying KPI’s by using text mining of administrative board documents in Norwegian hospitals. Show summary

  This paper analyses 36,000 documents by using text mining from board meetings in hospitals in Norway in the period 2008-2017. The purpose is to explore which subjects are emphasized and identify changes in strategic focus during the time span.

• Helgheim, Berit; Aravazhi, Agaraoli & Løfaldli, Bjarte Bye (2018). Using AI to develop a triage system in Norwegian Home Care. Show summary

  In Norway,the digital alarm system is connected to a response center. In these response centers,nurses are deciding the medical intervention based on patients information. Inthis paper we present how artificial intelligence can be used to automatize andimprove the triage system.

• Aravazhi, Agaraoli & Helgheim, Berit (2018). Text mining of administrative board hospital documents. Show summary

  In Norway, all the hospitals are public owned and divided into four regional healthcare authorities (RHAs). We have analyzed 36,000 documents in the period 2008 – 2017.The purpose is to explore which subjects are emphasized and identify changes in strategic focus during the time span. 

• Helgheim, Berit; Sandbæk, Birgithe Eckermann & Slyngstad, Line (2017). Identifying cost drivers in homecare services : a case study of three rural municipalities.
• Rudra, Amit; Jæger, Bjørn; Aitken, Ashley; Chang, Vanessa & Helgheim, Berit Irene (2011). Virtual team role play using Second Life for teaching business process concepts.
• Jæger, Bjørn; Rudra, Amit; Aitken, Ashley; Chang, Vanessa & Helgheim, Berit Irene (2011). Teaching business process management in cross-country collaborative teams using ERP.
• Jæger, Bjørn; Rudra, Amit; Aitken, Ashley; Chang, Vanessa & Helgheim, Berit Irene (2010). Teaching business process concepts using enterprise systems in a globalized context.
• Helgheim, Berit Irene; Bråthen, Svein & Shen, Xin (2009). An exploratory investigation of 3PL ownership influence on productivity in emerging markets: a case study of Chinese 3PL companies.
• Helgheim, Berit Irene; Bråthen, Svein & Shen, Xin (2009). An exploratory investigation of 3PL ownership influence on productivity in emerging markets: a case study of Chinese 3PL companies. In ., , (Eds.), POMS 2009 - 20th Annual Conference of the Production and Operations Management Society : Program booklet. Production and Operations Management Society (POMS). Show summary

  3PL companies is a growing industry. Research has mainly focused on 3PL services, B2B relationships and the development of this industry in general. Firstly, we discuss how 3PLs may attract foreign direct investments to emerging market economies. A simple model derived from modern economic growth theory indicates that 3PLs may contribute to self-sustaining regional economic growth. The second part is an exploratory case study of how ownership affects logistics operations in China. There are four ownership structures: state-owned enterprises, Chinese private-owned companies, joint venture companies, and wholly-foreign owned companies. Findings indicate that wholly-foreign companies are more competitive as compared to Chinese providers. Chinese private companies appear to have a cost minimizing strategy, and they gain benefits from sharing large investments in logistics infrastructure. The shortage of capital is a major problem for Chinese private companies. The foreign companies tend to apply horizontal alliances to penetrate new geographical markets in China.

• Helgheim, Berit Irene & Bråthen, Svein (2008). The music business in transition : handling uncertainty in the pop/rock industry. Show summary

  The pop-rock music business is a large industry, with an annual worldwide turnover of around USD 35 billions. The industry has faced a technology revolution from analogue to digital recording format. Furthermore, the digital technology has given the opportunity for internet downloading of music and has caused substantial income loss. There are three main segments of artists that can be traced, and that may have strategic significance. The first segment is Maintenance, which consists of established artists. The second segment is Revamp, where a career in recession is revitalised. The third segment is Newcomers. These three product groups may be divided into three level of demand uncertainty; low, medium and high. It appears to be a lack of diversified uncertainty strategies for the product groups in the pop/rock music category. This paper will discuss such strategies that can be applied to the various segments.

• Helgheim, Berit Irene (2007). Helsevesenet har behov for bedre produksjonslogistikk.
• Helgheim, Berit Irene (2007). Effektivitet eller elegi? : logistikkens bidrag til forståelse og styring av komplekse prosesser.
• Meek, Per Arne Fagervoll; Furu, Gunhild & Helgheim, Berit Irene (2007). Supply chain management in a project management setting : supplier selection in the development phase of Ormen Lange. Show summary

  In Norway there is a large offshore oil industry. Many previous projects have problems with over budging, keep the time schedule. In these offshore-oil projects, the main cost is supplies. However, there has been less focus on relations between suppliers and the project with respect of costs. ?Ormen Lange? is the largest oil project in Norway. It is currently operated by Norsk Hydro and planned to be completed autumn 2007. The total budget for the project is 66 billion NOK, including land facilities, the modules on the seabed and the pipeline for gas export to Easington. Some of suppliers to the project are organized in a network database and the contracting system is hierarchal. The objective for this research is to do an explorative analyzes of the impact of contracting systems with respect to costs and productivity.

• Bråthen, Svein & Helgheim, Berit Irene (2007). An inquiry into the success parameters of the pop-rock industry. Show summary

  The pop-rock music business is a large worldwide industry. It is huge differences with respect to how the artists run their business. Some artists are making additional concepts around their music as their core product. These activities can be viewed as value added activities for the customers. Another issue is supply chains: some artists are controlling a much larger part of the production process from making their own compositions to managing production and sale of their records, while others are pure performers who outsource the rest of the supply chain activities to other composers, producers and managers. If we control for ?music quality?, it is likely that there will be a difference in success and the degree of success. In order to explore the nature of this industry more formally, the concept of product variety in operations management is applied.

• Helgheim, Berit Irene; Zhong, ukjent-for-m045773 & Sha, Jie (2007). Reconfiguring supply chain : a case study in Chinese electric bike industry. Show summary

  China, as the world?s most populous nation, mostly people continue to satisfy their transit on two wheels transportation tool. As a part of whole range of Light Electric Vehicles, electric bikes provide local point-to-point transportation. According to the statistic report of total trade in electric bike from China Bicycle Association (CBA, 2005), the demand in this industry will grow rapidly the next five years. Nowadays, a number of general tendencies enable and reinforce key changes in the restructuring of supply chain in electric bike industry. For example the demand for products and services is becoming increasingly volatile and uncertain in terms of volume, mix, timing and place. Also the markets have become more transparent and enhance the opportunities for companies to structure their own supply chain in an economical scale. The objective in this paper is to explore different Supply Chain Management strategies in order to meet the increasing demand.

• Helgheim, Berit Irene (2007). Workshop on SCM and education. Show summary

  Many universities have Supply Chain Management (SCM) on their syllabus. However, what kind of courses the SCM program includes, differ from one school to another. It seems to be a trend that schools tend to teach within their traditional subjects. It is important that universities on all levels have in mind that students will be employed in real business life and apply their knowledge to different professions. From this perspective is it important to know what a supply chain manager actually does in order to create the most appropriate SCM education. We will present some examples on what subjects are included in the SCM syllabus and how this is done.

• Sandbæk, Birgithe Eckermann & Helgheim, Berit Irene (2007). Production models in elderly health care in Norway. Show summary

  In Norway the health care is public financed and driven. However, elderly people are served by local communities and hospitals by region public corporations. This two level system split the responsibilities for production of services for elderly people and the nursing homes tend to send the patients for hospitalizations. Considering the fact that nursing homes already have physicians as well as nurses, the question one might ask is whether this is the most cost efficient way of treating these patients. Further, researchers claim treatment in hospitals may not improve the outcome of various diseases, it may actually be better if they are treated at the nursing homes. In this paper we do a descriptive study of elderly patients in hospitals in order to develop alternative production models of health care services to elderly people.

• Martins, Ana Lucia; Helgheim, Berit Irene & Carvalho, Jose (2007). A logistic approach to shorten lead times in courts of law : a case study. Show summary

  A court System is often criticized for not performing at its best. Cases take longer than expected. Research based on the Theory of Constraints and Logistics took place in order to overcome these difficulties. The purpose of this paper is to identify the reasons why civil cases do not flow through the court system as announced in the Civil Code, and to discuss ways to shorten lead-times in the court process. A comparative analysis of two case studies, with a total of six court departments and a representative sample of 299 civil summary cases is used. The case studies and the court departments are independent variables and the 28 activities in the process are the dependent variables. The unit of analysis is the time spent in each activity. Two levels of analysis are used; one considering the total period of time a case remains in each activity, the second considering the delays to each activity. Quantitative data is analysed using statistical computation and findings are adjusted with qualitative data. Findings show that logistics concepts can be applied to the court system; and although the judge staff and the judge are the main constraints in the system, others may emerge if ill managed. Recommendations to shorten lead-times are provided

• Helgheim, Berit Irene (2007). Fra individuell til standardisert behandling : mulige konsekvenser for organisering av sykehustjenesten [ppt].
• Helgheim, Berit Irene (2007). Fra individuell til standardisert behandling (amerikanske sykehus).
• Helgheim, Berit Irene; Halskau, Øyvind & Martins, Ana Lucia (2005). Measurement of agility level in hospitals supply chains. Show summary

  Agility and agile supply chains are increasingly mentioned in literature. Focus of research has been manufacturing contexts and not much research has been performed in terms of services. Taking into consideration that the service sector represents around 70% of GDP in many advanced economics, a major gap in research has to be closed. This paper aims at analysing the level of agility in services supply chains. Using the Sand Box Model, a questionnaire was developed and applied to analyse the level of agility in the supply chains of Portuguese hospitals with private administration. It was not found any consistent relevance of location or dimension in the degree of agility. Limitations of this research are identified as well as topics for further research.

• Helgheim, Berit Irene; Halskau, Øyvind & Randall, Taylor (2005). Process variety impact on performance measurements in hospitals : a case study. Show summary

  In the service sector there seems to be unison acceptant for individual service in order to satisfy customers. The variety of offered service products seems to have no limitations. In health care as well, there is an acceptant for an individual treatment for quality and medical reasons. There have also been a lot of focus and investigations of the rising costs in health care. For years the product varieties have been wieldy investigated in the industry in order to managing the cost of product variety. This research aspect appear to be absent in hospitals. In this paper we use Pentland (2003) definition of process variety and explorative test the impact on financials and performance measures in a case study of one hospital.

• Helgheim, Berit Irene (2005). Logistikk i forhold til somatiske tjenester [PowerPoint-presentasjon].
• Helgheim, Berit & Vik, Erlend (2023). Innføring av Helseplattformen : rammeverk for nullpunktsanalyse . Høgskolen i Molde - Vitenskapelig høgskole i logistikk. ISSN 978-82-7962-333-5. Show summary

  Innføringen av Helseplattformen i Møre og Romsdal medfører at kommunene bør gjøre en nullpunktsanalyse. Kommunene har derfor behov for et rammeverk hvor indikatorene blir operasjonalisert. De to overordnede effektmålene for Helseplattformen er 1) Bedre helse, økt pasientsikkerhet og kvalitet og 2) Bedre utnyttelse av kapasitet og ressurser. Siden en nullpunktsanalyse kan være meget omfattende ble det gjort fokusintervjuer med sekskommuner for å identifisere hva som er de mest sentrale behovene. I fokusintervjuene kom det frem at kommunene har store forventinger til tidseffekten i forbindelse med samhandling med spesialisthelsetjenesten, og generelt at samhandlingen skal bli bedre. Det er også forventninger om at styringsdata blir lettere tilgjengelig og at man dermed i større grad kan bruke dette til å planlegge og styre virksomheten. Basert på resultatet fra fokusintervjuene har vi sett nærmere på fem hovedområder: - tid brukt til informasjonsinnhenting (samhandling), - opplevd samhandling med spesialisthelsetjenesten, - kommunale lederes bruk av styringsdata, og - prosesskartlegging - pasienters bruk av teknologi og tilgjengelig informasjon Det er redegjort i rapporten for hvordan målingene skal foregå. I vedleggene er det tilrettelagt for at kommune skal kunne ta dette i bruk.

• Pet'o, Miroslav; Jæger, Bjørn & Helgheim, Berit Irene (2014). Information and communication aspects of logistics operations and their significance for managerial decision making. Høgskolen i Molde - Vitenskapelig høgskole i logistikk. ISSN 978-82-7962-168-3. Show summary

  This paper outlines the problematic of information and communication aspects of logistics operations and their significance for managerial decision making from the systems model point of view. The systems model view supports understanding in a holistic and interdisciplinary way when doing research of complex organizational systems such as supply chains. We analyze the stages in decision making in an organization that is a part of a supply chain using the systems thinking framework's five phases A-B-C-D-E. Our analysis clarifies what factors are influencing decisions in complex supply chains. The second part of the paper looks at decision making from the Data-Information-Knowledge-Wisdom Model point of view outlining the relationship between hard and soft inputs to the decision-making process. Our analysis contributes to a better understanding of the significance of information in managerial decision making in supply chain operations. The third and last part of the paper is a case study the design to research the decision making process in four manufacturing companies in Norway in the light of the A-B-C-D-E and Data-Information-Knowledge-Wisdom systems models.

• Jæger, Bjørn; Rudra, Amit; Aitken, Ashley; Chang, Vanessa & Helgheim, Berit Irene (2014). ERP usage in global supply chains : educational resources. Høgskolen i Molde - Vitenskapelig høgskole i logistikk. ISSN 978-82-7962-170-6. Show summary

  This paper provides detailed exercises for operating ERP-systems in a sample global supply chain. It is a supplement to the paper ERP Usage in Global Supply Chains: The Global Supply Chain Educational Activity by Jæger, B., Rudra, A., Aitken, A., Chang V., and Helgheim, B.. Businesses increasingly operate in a global competitive environment use Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems to support their operations. ERP-systems are cross-functional solutions primarily developed to support and automate internal operations of an organization. Businesses being part global supply chains use their ERP-systems to support their export and import operations. Competition among supply chains leads to a focus on efficient crossenterprise operations. Businesses need an end-to-end view of their supply chains to optimize their behavior. The exercises in this paper demonstrate in detail how to execute export and import operations in the SAP ERP ECC 6.0 system in a sample global supply chain.

• Helgheim, Berit Irene & Foss, Bjørn (2012). Redegjørelse for bruk av 25,25 transportvogntog i Nordland og Västerbotten : økonomiske og miljømessige konsekvenser. Høgskolen i Molde - Vitenskapelig høgskole i logistikk. ISSN 978-82-7962-152-2.
• Helgheim, Berit Irene (2012). Operasjonsforløp i kirurgisk divisjon : Sykehuset Østfold - forprosjekt : kommentarutgave. Høgskolen i Molde. ISSN 978-82-7962-144-7.
• Helgheim, Berit Irene; Jæger, Bjørn & Saeed, Naima (2011). Technological intermediaries as third party service providers in GlobalSupply Chains. Høgskolen i Molde. ISSN 978-82-7962-127-0.
• Jæger, Bjørn; Rudra, Amit; Aitken, Ashley; Chang, Vanessa & Helgheim, Berit Irene (2009). International collaborative ERP education : development of SAP exercises and an evaluation tool. Høgskolen i Molde. ISSN 978-82-7962-115-7. Show summary

  Organizations increasingly operate in a global competitive environment using Enterprise Systems (ES) to support their operations. ES are complex systems and students struggle to grasp not only the underlying business concepts but also the technology involved. This working paper describes a set of exercises developed for a multinational cross-company collaboration assignment using a commercial ERP system from SAP. In addition we describe an evaluation tool used to assess the usage of the exercises in this courses.

• Jæger, Bjørn & Helgheim, Berit Irene (2008). Results from a role play exercise in Second Life for LOG505 and BØK700. Høgskolen i Molde. ISSN 978-82-7962-106-5. Show summary

  This paper gives the detailed results of a pilot study investigating the use of the 3-dimensional virtual world Second Life for role play exercises in the courses LOG505 Purchase Management and BØK700 Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) with SAP. Molde University College teaches LOG505 in three different cities; Molde, Ålesund and Kristiansund using videoconferencing equipment, while BØK700 is thought on campus in Molde. Purchasing decisions are made based on both explicit and tacit knowledge. The purpose of the role play exercise is to give students an introduction to the purchasing decision process including the importance of teams, explicit and tacit knowledge and to teach the students basic characteristics of ERP-systems. The role play includes a high degree of simultaneous personal interaction called for in purchasing negotiations. This is not well supported by current videoconferencing tools. Running the role play on-campus in a classroom has drawbacks as well. Given the promising results reported from using virtual worlds like Second Life for role plays we decided to use Second Life to run the role play both for BØK700 and LOG505. The role play is embedded into the courses by going through a pilot study and a full scale study. This paper reports findings and lessons learned from the pilot study and it gives recommendations for the full scale study.

• Helgheim, Berit Irene (2008). Kartlegging av ressursbehovet ved operasjonsstuen i forbindelse med omlegging av produksjonsstruktur for akuttoperasjoner ved St. Olavs Hospital. Høgskolen i Molde. ISSN 978-82-7962-100-3.
• Helgheim, Berit Irene (2006). Production processes in health care. Høgskolen i Molde - Vitenskapelig høgskole i logistikk. ISSN 8279620699.

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