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Andersen, Otto & Buvik, Arnt
(2023).
Behavioral uncertainty and performance ambiguity: Different concepts, different impacts? A theoretical discussion.
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Glavee-Geo, Richard; Glavee-Geo, Rebecca; Kanani, Renger; Burki, Umar & Buvik, Arnt
(2023).
Contract as a Strategic Option for Reducing Supplier Opportunism in Public Sector Procurement: Analysis of Contingency Factors.
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English
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Glavee-Geo, Rebecca; Glavee-Geo, Richard; Engelseth, Per & Buvik, Arnt
(2022).
Does expert knowledge enhance fairness in public procurement?
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English
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Kanani, Renger Philemon & Buvik, Arnt
(2015).
The adoption of E-procurement : literature review and research propositions.
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Buvik, Arnt & Andersen, Otto
(2013).
The effect of multiple sourcing on buyer control in industrial buyer-seller relationships.
I Karaosmanoglu, Elif & Bas, A. Banu Elmadag (Red.),
42nd annual conference : lost in translation : marketing in an interconnected world : conference proceedings.
European marketing academy.
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Single and multiple sourcing represent different strategies for organizing buyer-seller relationships. This paper explores the effect of sourcing strategy and employment of specific assets on hierarchical governance in supplier-manufacturer relationships. When the supplier firm is the sole supplier, there is a strong and positive association between supplier asset specificity and buyer control due to the prospect of opportunism and subsequent need for safeguarding. This effect is significantly diminished when the manufacturing firms use multiple sourcing, which indicates that a multiple sourcing strategy acts as a safeguarding mechanism that mitigates possible opportunism and the subsequent need for hierarchical governance.
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Andersen, Otto; Chao, Emmanuel James & Buvik, Arnt
(2013).
Contractual completeness : complementary and substitutive roles.
I Karaosmanoglu, Elif & Bas, A. Banu Elmadag (Red.),
42nd annual conference : lost in translation : marketing in an interconnected world : conference proceedings.
European marketing academy.
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Contracting literature has argued that both relational and non-relational dimensions will have an impact on contractual completeness, but the nature of this relationship has been less emphasized. This paper develops contracting literature by investigating the complementary and substitutive roles of relational and non-relational dimensions. Key findings indicate that relational dimensions and non-relational dimensions had a complementary effect on contractual
completeness. Both relational and non-relational dimensions are important in contracting due to their strong predictive power, suggesting the importance of balancing relational and nonrelational components in supplier-buyer relationships.
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Burki, Umar & Buvik, Arnt
(2013).
Does market knowledge diminish the extent of formal contracting in international buyer-supplier relationships?
I Karaosmanoglu, Elif & Bas, A. Banu Elmadag (Red.),
42nd annual conference : lost in translation : marketing in an interconnected world : conference proceedings.
European marketing academy.
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This study examines the effect of market knowledge and specific assets on formal contracting in international exporting relationships. Market knowledge refers to the familiarity with the way foreign markets function. A sample of 131 international buyer-supplier relationships is the
basis for the empirical analysis. When market knowledge is low or modest, there is a positive association between specific assets and formal contracting because low market knowledge enforces the problem of asymmetric information and perceived opportunism with successive comprehensive formal contracting. When substantial asset specificity is combined with high market knowledge, the need for formal contracting diminishes because better market knowledge facilitates in lowering transactional uncertainties and exchange hazards and enforces trust building that attenuate the need for comprehensive formal contracting.
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Chao, Emmanuel James; Andersen, Otto & Buvik, Arnt
(2012).
Performance ambiguity and flexibility in buyer-supplier relations.
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Burki, Umar & Buvik, Arnt
(2012).
The effect of business culture similarity on relational governance in buyer-supplier relationships.
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Chao, Emmanuel James; Andersen, Otto & Buvik, Arnt
(2012).
Performance ambiguity and flexibility in buyer-supplier relations.
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Chao, Emmanuel James; Andersen, Otto & Buvik, Arnt
(2012).
Performance ambiguity and flexibility in buyer-supplier relations.
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Andersen, Otto; Chao, Emmanuel James & Buvik, Arnt
(2011).
Predicting opportunism by specific investments and alternative measures of incomplete information : an exploratory study.
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The likelihood of opportunistic behavior in a supplier-buyer relationship is believed to increase when one of the exchange partners has made substantial specific investments and when the exchange partners have incomplete information about the other party’s attributes and actions. Within transaction cost analysis (TCA), behavioral uncertainty and performance ambiguity have been used interchangeably to describe incomplete information about the exchange partner. This paper investigates the conceptual differences between performance ambiguity and behavioral uncertainty, and develops empirical measures. The empirical findings indicate that the interaction effect of specific investments and behavioral uncertainty on perceived opportunism is greater than the interaction effect of specific investments and performance ambiguity.
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Andersen, Otto & Buvik, Arnt
(2011).
Plural governance in industrial buyer-seller relationships : the effect of multiple sourcing on buyer control in industrial buyer-seller relationships.
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This article explores the phenomenon of plural governance in business-to-business relationships. Single and multiple sourcing represent different modes for organizing buyer-seller relationships. This paper explores the effect of sourcing strategy and employment of specific assets on hierarchical governance in supplier-manufacturer relationships. When the focal supplier firm is the sole supplier, there is a strong and positive association between asset specificity and buyer control due to the prospect of opportunism and subsequent need for safeguarding. This effect is significantly diminished when the manufacturing firms use multiple sourcing, which indicates that a multiple sourcing strategy acts as a safeguarding mechanism on its own that mitigates possible opportunism and the subsequent need for hierarchical governance.
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Andersen, Otto & Buvik, Arnt
(2009).
The concepts of performance ambiguity and behavioral uncertainty in business-to-business relationship : a conceptual and methodological discussion.
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Incomplete information about the exchange partner plays a pivotal role in current research on marketing relationships. Within transaction cost analysis (TCA), behavioral uncertainty and performance ambiguity seems to be used interchangeably to describe absence of perfect information about the exchange partner. Some empirical studies in current inter-organizational research indicate that there is some ambiguity and confusion about the substantial content and measurement of these concepts. This paper investigates the conceptual differences between performance ambiguity and behavioral uncertainty and suggests under which circumstances the different concepts should be used in empirical studies.
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Hannås, Gøril; Buvik, Arnt & Andersen, Otto
(2009).
Vertical electronic coordination in B2B relationships.
I ., , (Red.),
POMS 2009 - 20th Annual Conference of the Production and Operations Management Society : Program booklet.
Production and Operations Management Society (POMS).
s. 102–102.
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This paper examines how relation-specific IT investments affect vertical electronic coordination between firms. Recent research has conceptualized that the levels of specificity in IT investments and adjacent business processes lead the parties to increased vertical electronic integration (Kim and Mahoney, 2006). We propose that idiosyncratic investments in general may serve as a guide for electronic integration between firms, because specific assets induce the need for coordination and information exchange. Through a cross-industrial survey of 198 Norwegian businesses, we found vertical electronic coordination between firms to be conditionally dependent on specific assets that are not related to IT. The effect of specific IT investments on electronic collaboration is contingent upon the level of other specific assets deployed in the buyer-seller relationship. This suggests that substantial specific investments increase the need for customised information systems that can facilitate efficient coordination where assets are at risk.
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Buvik, Arnt & Andersen, Otto
(2009).
The impact of buyer specific investments and buyer specific control investments on hierarchical governance in supplier-buyer relationship.
I Luxton, Sandra (Red.),
ANZMAC 2009 Handbook.
Australian & New Zealand Marketing Academy (ANZMAC).
ISSN 1-86308-160-7.
s. 31–31.
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Based on transaction costs analysis (TCA) and resource-dependence theory (RDT), this stud examines the association between supplier held specific assets, buyer specific assets, buye specific control investments and hierarchical governance in industrial buyer-selle relationships. Data from a survey of 159 industrial buyer-seller relationships provide suppor for the hypotheses, and demonstrates that there is a strong and negative association between buyer specific investments and hierarchical buyer control, while the effect of buye specific control investments is positively associated to hierarchical governance. Finally, in accordance with TCA predictions, the authors a positive association between supplier held specific investments and buyer control in business-to-business relationships.
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Buvik, Arnt; Andersen, Otto & Hannås, Gøril
(2009).
The impact of buyer-specific investments and buyer-specific control investments on hierarchical governance in supplier-buyer relationship.
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Based on transaction costs analysis (TCA) and resource-dependence theory (RDT), this study examines the association between buyer specific investments, buyer specific control investments and hierarchical governance in industrial buyer-seller relationships and develops three hypotheses specifying these associations. Data from a survey of 159 industrial buyer-seller relationships provide support for the hypotheses, and demonstrates that there is a strong and negative association between buyer specific investments and hierarchical buyer control, while the effect of buyer specific control investments is positively associated to hierarchical governance. Finally, in accordance with TCA predictions, the supplier¿s investments in specific control arrangements in the supplier plants increase their influence and control over the suppliers business substantially. The outcome of the empirical analysis demonstrates that it is important to evaluate the nature and function of different kinds of buyer specific investments when considering the antecedents to governance mode in business-to-business relationships.
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Mwakibinga, Frederick & Buvik, Arnt
(2007).
Public sector procurement reforms in Tanzania : an assessment of the undertaken initiatives.
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The winds of reforms that have been occurring in many developing economies have touched almost every corner of public sector. Procurement function is among the activities that have been reformed. It is argued that adherence to the available procurement rules is among the critical factors towards the intended goals. Through the reported procurement practice, this paper tries to assess such reforms by giving account of the changes particularly the challenges that make dif cult to achieve the desired objectives
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Aas, Bjørnar; Buvik, Arnt & Cakic, Djurdjika
(2007).
Outsourcing of supply terminal management; a logistics activity in the supply chains for the oil and gas installations in the Norwegian Sea.
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For the last decades, the core competence concept has got great attention and the idea has been that it is preferable for companies to outsource activities not considered as "core business". Notwithstanding, several theoretical contributors have emphasized the many difficulties related to outsourcing decisions and several empirical studies have demonstrated that many companies keep their non-core logistics activities in-house. The authors of this article argue that the evolution of gradually more complex supply chains makes the logistics outsourcing decision more difficult and that a main reason for this is the increased number of inter-organizational links that appear in complex supply chains. A wider supply chain management consideration seems to be warranted and the dyadic approach frequently taken in the outsourcing literature is not sufficient to provide adequate decision support in outsourcing decisions. The authors review the current literature on how inter-organizational links should be regarded in an outsourcing decision process. A business case from the Norwegian oil and gas business is used to illustrate and analyse the broad problem scope and the complexity associated to the decision of possible outsourcing of the supply terminal management within the framework of transaction costs analysis and supply chain management theory. The outcome of the empirical analysis shows that it is not beneficial to outsource the supply terminal management when both economic and organizational factors are brought into consideration.
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Buvik, Arnt & Andersen, Otto
(2005).
Inter-firm coordination and relationship duration in fast changing industrial markets.
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Based on transaction costs analysis (TCA), resource-dependence theory (RDT) and relational contract theory (RCT), this study examines the association between asset specificity, environmental uncertainty, relationship duration and inter-firm governance in business-to-business relationships. In particular, the authors elaborate the tension between the problem of safeguarding and adaptability in business relationships by comparing the interaction effect of environmental uncertainty and asset specificity on inter-firm coordination across business-to-business relationships with different prior length. Data from a survey of 170 industrial buyer-seller relationships demonstrates that when buyer-seller relationships with substantial asset specificity and short prior history are exposed to substantial environmental uncertainty, inter-firm coordination becomes substantially attenuated. This governance pattern is completely different in business-to-business relationships with long prior history where the combined presence of substantial assets specificity and fast changing environments increase the level of inter-firm coordination.
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Burki, Umar & Buvik, Arnt
(2005).
Relationship duration and relational governance in business-to-business relationships.
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The marketing literature acknowledges the importance of relationship duration and interpersonal relationships. Macneil's (1980) relational exchange theory indicates that relationship duration facilitates in developing relational norms i.e. verbal and non-verbal credible commitments, supporting a balanced governance mechanism between exchange partners. Ring and Van de Ven (1994) explained that relationship duration could affect interfirm governance or interorganizational relationships (IORs). Based onstudies conducted in the sphere of transaction cost, relational exchange and social exchange theories, the authors analyze how relationship duration influences the implementation of governance forms in the relationship maintenance period of business-to-business relationships. The presence of complexity (Porter, 1985) in buyer-supplier relationships cultivates uncertainty, opportunism and ex post transaction costs. Logistic partners in order to ensure the reliability and dependability of a supply chain use managerial and behavioral components. Business partners marginalized these relational hindrances through relational norms, formal and informal contracts and trust. Business relationship duration also encourage business partners to consolidate the antecedents for relationship duration. Empirical work shows that relational governance is associated with trust and that it improves the performance of interorganizational exchange (Heide and John, 1990). This article explores the association between opportunism, ex post transaction cost, behavioral uncertainty and relationship duration and proposes three research propositions.
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Hannås, Gøril; Buvik, Arnt & Andersen, Otto
(2005).
Electronic commerce and governance forms : a transaction cost approach.
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A large amount of the electronic commerce (EC) literature is focused on the benefits of digitalizing transactions, as well as technological and organizational issues related to implementing inter-firm information systems. Even though businesses seem tochoose different electronic solutions for different purposes, less scientific focus has been put on what kind of governance structures emerge from business to business (B2B) electronic commerce and why these different governance forms emerge. In this paper we explore how B2B electronic commerce is affected by inter firm transaction mechanisms, and why these in turn should lead to various types of electronic governance forms (EGF). The purpose of this is to develop a framework for assessing how certain transaction characteristics such as order frequency, relation specific assets and uncertainty affect the governance form of EC. We discuss the concepts of EGF, and further explore the possibilities of categorizing electronic governance structures intofour different types. The basis for this categorization is the assumption that the choice of EGF is dependent upon the frequency of exchange and relation specific IT investments. The model is an attempt to explain how different electronic governance mechanisms are established according to inter-firm relations and transaction characteristics. The basis for discussion is the theoretical grounds of transaction cost economics coupled with theoretical frameworks of electronic commerce.
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Buvik, Arnt
(2004).
Does structural power interfere with the contractual safeguarding of relation-specific assets in industrial purchasing relationships?
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Buvik, Arnt
(2004).
Bedriftssamarbeid og kjøpe/lage-vurderinger.
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Buvik, Arnt
(2003).
Innkjøpsledelse som forskningsfelt : ulike teoretiske innfallsvinkler.
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Buvik, Arnt
(2003).
Kjøpe-lage diskusjoner : den mest sentrale beslutningen for alle typer virksomheter.
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Buvik, Arnt & Haugland, Sven A.
(2003).
Asset specificity, relationship duration, and contractual safeguarding.
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Buvik, Arnt
(2002).
Organisering av leverandørsamarbeid i norsk industri : noen sentrale problemstillinger.
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Buvik, Arnt & Rokkan, Aksel I.
(2002).
Free riding behavior and performance monitoring in retail chains.
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Buvik, Arnt & Gribkovskaia, Irina
(2002).
Specific assets and hierarchical governance in manufacturer-supplier relationships : the moderating effect of bargaining power on buyer influence in industrial business-to-business relationships.
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In a basic model of transaction cost analysis (TCA), neither market power nor power based on resource-dependence play a significant role. In this article the authors examine wheter the buyer's bargaining power influences the alignment of hierarchical governance in buyer-supplier relationships. Data from a survey of 183 industrial purchasing relationships provide empirical support for the theoretical predictions. The empirical findings demonstrate that the buying firm's bargaining power does affect its ability to have hierarchical governance implemented to safeguard specific assets in business-to-business relationships. When the buying firm's bargaining power is high, buyer-specific assets are strongly related to high buyer influence in supplier relationships. On the other hand, in relationships where the buyer possess low or modest bargaining power, employment of buyer-specific assets does weaken the buying firm's ability to exercise influence over the supplier firm. The empirical findings indicate that resource-dependence considerations offer an important complement to transaction cost analysis when we consider the transacting parties' ability to provide safeguarding arrangements by hierarchical governance
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Buvik, Arnt
(2001).
Om valg av distribusjonskanaler.
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Buvik, Arnt
(2001).
Outsourcing og leverandørsamarbeid i norsk industri.
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Buvik, Arnt
(2001).
The effect of order frequency and manufacturer-specific investments on purchase contracting in industrial buyer-supplyer re ationships.
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Transaction cost analysis (TCA) keeps order frequency as a significant dimension of business-to-business transactions, and order frequency is expected to influence how to design inter-firm organization efficiently. To date, order frequency has received little attention in empirical TCA-studies. This research focuses in particular on order frequency in industrial purchasing relationships and how it affects the alignment of purchase contracting in supplier-manufacturer relationships. Data from a survey of 160 industrial purchasing relationships supports basic TCA reasoning stating that increased order frequency will provide administrative economies of scale benefits under conditions with substantial hazards of trade. The empirical findings demonstrate that the association between manufacturer-specific assets and formalized purchase contracting is highly dependent on the present level of order frequency. In manufacturer-supplier relationships with modest order frequency, there is no significant association between asset specificity and contractual governance. On the other hand, the effect of manufacturer-specific assets on formalized purchase contracting was substantial in relationships with high order frequency.
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Buvik, Arnt & Grønhaug, Kjell
(2000).
Inter-firm dependence, environmental uncertainty and vertical co-ordination in industrial buyer-seller relationships.
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Effective co-ordination of business-to-business relationships is an important determinant of firms' competitiveness under c anging market conditions. Drawing on transaction cost analysis (TCA) and resource-dependence theory (RDT), the authors analyse the effects of inter-firm dependence and environmental uncertainty on vertical co-ordination in industrial urchasing relationships. Analysis of data from a survey of 157 industrial buyers of items repetitively used in production shows that the RDT-predicted association between environmental uncertainty and vertical co-ordination is highly c ntingent on the magnitude of the present safeguarding problem in supplier relationships. When asset specificity is modest, the safeguarding problem is trivial and substantial environmental uncertainty induces higher inter-firm co-ord nation in order to handle the need for environmental adaptation. This pattern of inter-firm organisation is significantly modified as asset specificity increases and imposes trading hazards.
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Buvik, Arnt & Reve, Torger
(2000).
Asymmetrical deployment of specific assets and contractual safeguarding in industrial purchasing relationships : paper.
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Buvik, Arnt
(2000).
Does manufacturing technology matter in designing industrial purchase contracting?
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Buvik, Arnt
(2000).
Betingelser for effektivt innkjøpssamarbeid.
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Buvik, Arnt & Halskau, Øyvind
(2000).
As just-in-time goes by : relationship duration and buyer influence in industrial JIT-relationships.
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Oterhals, Oddmund; Buvik, Arnt & Lervik, Roar
(2007).
Kjøpe-lagevurderinger og horisontalt bedriftssamarbeid : verdikjedeanalyse.
Møreforsking Molde AS.
ISSN 978-82-7830-122-7.
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KONFIDENSIELL
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Buvik, Arnt
(2004).
Gratispassasjer-problemer og opportunistisk adferd ved gruppeeksamener.
Høgskolen i Molde.
ISSN 82-7962-056-7.
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