Tiril Hoksnes Tøien

• Tøien, Tiril; Berg, Ole Kristian; Brobakken, Mathias Forsberg & Wang, Eivind (2026). Neural plasticity is a two-way street: Counteracting age-related neural deterioration with strength training. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics. ISSN 0167-4943. 149(October). doi: 10.1016/j.archger.2026.106292. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Changes in the nervous system with age are largely responsible for decreased force generating capacity (FGC), i.e., maximal strength and rate of force development. Emphasizing studies applying near-maximal/maximal contractions and stimulation intensity and training intensity as strong evidence, and training intensity above 60% maximal strength, this review uncovered that efferent neural drive, comprising motor unit recruitment and firing frequency, consistently appeared to be a main contributing factor for the decline and subsequent improvement in FGC with age. However, identifying single steps along the efferent neural drive pathway is challenging. Structural changes in the brain and corticospinal excitability alterations may be partly responsible for the reduced FGC, although these are seldom investigated in relation to FGC. Further, methodological constraints associated with measurements of corticospinal excitability challenge firm conclusions. Conduction velocity in the corticospinal tract is slower with age and intracortical inhibition increases, the latter may be improved following strength training. Peripheral factors – loss of spinal α-motoneurons, reduced spinal α-motoneuron excitability, and reduced conduction velocity – also contribute, albeit without considerable improvements following strength training. Despite methodological constraints associated with corticospinal measurements, we conclude that the efferent neural drive enhancement observed following strength training is likely a result of central nervous system adaptations, as peripheral adaptations appear to be negligible. It therefore seems essential to apply training that specifically targets efferent neural drive enhancement with older age. Heavy loads are imperative for efferent neural drive improvements and should be recommended to maintain or improve efferent neural drive and maximal FGC in older adults.

• Izadi, Mani; Tøien, Tiril; Øhrn, Frank-David; Husby, Otto Schnell; Husby, Vigdis Kvitland Schnell & Winther, Siri Bjørgen [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2026). Effects of preoperative maximal strength training on muscle strength and function in total knee arthroplasty: A randomized controlled trial. Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine. ISSN 1877-0657. 69(2). doi: 10.1016/j.rehab.2025.102067. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Background: The efficacy of prehabilitation through preoperative strength training for individuals undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) remains inconclusive. Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of maximal strength training (MST) before operation on muscle strength and physical function 3 weeks following TKA. Methods: 48 individuals scheduled for fast-track unilateral primary TKA were randomized to MST (n = 24), performing 4 sets at 4 repetition maximum in seated leg press 3 times per week for 8 weeks, or control usual care (CON, n = 24). The primary outcome was bilateral leg press maximal strength. Secondary outcomes were performance-based physical function, including 10-step stair climbing, 30 s sit-to-stand, 40 m fast-paced walking, and unipedal stance tests, and self-reported physical function as knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score-physical function short form (KOOS-PS), European quality of life 5 dimension, 5 Level, and forgotten joint score. Results: MST improved bilateral leg press 1RM relative to body weight after intervention (mean change 0.45, P < 0.0001), and there were between-group differences in the delta changes from baseline to preoperation (mean difference 0.43, P < 0.0001) and postoperation (mean difference 0.27, P < 0.001), favoring MST. MST also led to better maintenance of postoperative stair climbing (mean difference −3.38 s, P = 0.0013). Although the MST group experienced a significant preoperative improvement in sit-to-stand (mean change 2 repetitions, P = 0.0019), walking ability (mean change −2.28 s, P < 0.001), and KOOS-PS (mean change 8, P < 0.0001), these effects did not extend to postoperative outcomes. Conclusions: The findings indicate that preoperative MST is safe and effective in improving muscle strength and preserving stair-climbing ability for individuals undergoing TKA, positioning MST as a pragmatic prehabilitation strategy. Clinical trial registration: NCT05892133.

• Tøien, Tiril; Berg, Ole Kristian; Modena, Roberto; Brobakken, Mathias Forsberg & Wang, Eivind (2025). Heavy Strength Training in Older Adults: Implications for Health, Disease and Physical Performance. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle. ISSN 2190-5991. 16(2). doi: 10.1002/jcsm.13804. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  This article has been corrected: Correction to ‘Heavy Strength Training in Older Adults: Implications for Health, Disease and Physical Performance’ (https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3618195 and https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.70014). Older adults typically exhibit reductions in skeletal muscle maximal strength and the ability to produce force rapidly. These reductions are often augmented by concomitant acute and chronic diseases, resulting in attenuated physical performance and higher propensity of falls and injuries. With the proportion of older adults in the population increasing, there is an alarming need for cost-effective strategies to improve physical performance and combat a multitude of age-related diseases. Surprisingly, despite convincing evidence emerging over three decades that strength training can substantially improve maximal strength (1RM), rate of force development (RFD) and power, contributing to improved health, physical performance and fall prevention, it appears that it has not fully arrived at the older adults' doorsteps. The aim of the current narrative review is to accentuate the convincing benefits of strength training in healthy and diseased older adults. As intensity appears to play a key role for improvements in 1RM, RFD and power, this review will emphasize training performed with heavy (80%–84% of 1RM) and very heavy loads (≥ 85% of 1RM), where the latter is often referred to as maximal strength training (MST). MST uses loads of ~90% of 1RM, which can only be performed a maximum of 3–5 times, 3–5 sets and maximal intentional concentric velocity. Strength training performed with loads in the heavy to very heavy domain of the spectrum may, because of the large increases in muscle strength, focuses on neural adaptations and relatively low risk, provides additional benefits for older adults and contrasts current guidelines which recommend low-to-moderate intensity (60%–70% of 1RM) and slow-moderate concentric velocity. This review also provides information on practical application of MST aimed at practitioners who are involved with preventive and/or rehabilitative health care for older adults.

• Izadi, Mani; Tøien, Tiril; Øhrn, Frank-David; Husby, Otto Schnell; Husby, Vigdis Kvitland Schnell & Winther, Siri Bjørgen [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2025). Muscle strength is a key predictor of physical function in advanced knee osteoarthritis. Musculoskeletal Science and Practice. ISSN 2468-8630. 78(August), s. 1–8. doi: 10.1016/j.msksp.2025.103339. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Skeletal muscle strength of the lower limbs is negatively impacted in advanced knee osteoarthritis. However, its role in predicting physical function of these patients remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate hierarchical linear regression associations between lower limbs' maximal muscle strength, rate of force development and physical function in 50 patients (age: 65 ± 8 years; 22 males and 28 females; and BMI: 31 ± 5 kg/m2) with advanced knee osteoarthritis. Results revealed that leg press maximal strength and leg extension maximum voluntary contraction were associated with sit-to-stand and stair climbing performance (all p < 0.001) and accounted for variances of 29 % and 38 % in 30-s sit-to-stand and 37 % and 24 % in stair climbing performance, respectively. Leg press maximal strength and leg extension maximum voluntary contraction were also associated with Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score - Physical Function Short Form (KOOS-PS) (both p = 0.041), each accounting for 7 % of the variance. Similarly, rate of force development was associated with 30-s sit-to-stand (p < 0.001) and stair climbing performance (p = 0.05), explaining 22 % and 6 % of additional variances, respectively. No association was observed between measures of muscle strength and 40 m fast-paced walking. The present study highlights maximal muscle strength, and in part rate of force development, as powerful predictors of physical function in patients with advanced knee osteoarthritis and may be used as simple, valuable measures when evaluating patients’ physical function.

• Pedrinolla, Anna; Berg, Ole Kristian; Tøien, Tiril & Wang, Eivind (2023). Aging increases metabolic capacity and reduces work efficiency during handgrip exercise in males. Journal of applied physiology. ISSN 8750-7587. 134(5), s. 1154–1164. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00411.2022. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Maximal oxygen uptake and exercise performance typically decline with age. However, there are indications of preserved vascular function and blood flow regulation during arm exercise. Yet, it is unknown if this potential physiological preservation with age is mirrored in peripheral metabolic capacity and V̇O2/watt ratio. Thus, to investigate the effects of aging in the arms, we measured metabolic and vascular responses to 6-minute bouts of dynamic handgrip exercise at 40% and 80% of maximal work rate (WRmax) in eleven young (26±2yr) and twelve old (80±6yr) males, applying Doppler-ultrasound combined with blood samples from a deep forearm vein. At baseline, old had a larger arterial diameter compared to young (p<0.001). During exercise, the two groups reached the same WRmax. V̇O2, blood flow, and oxygen supply were higher (40%WRmax; 80%WRmax, all p<0.01), and arterio-venous oxygen-difference lower (80%WRmax, p<0.02), in old compared to young. Old also had a higher oxygen-excess at 80%WRmax (p<0.01) than young, while no difference in muscle diffusion or oxygen-extraction was detected. Only young exhibited an increase in intensity-induced arterial dilation (p<0.05), and they had a lower mean arterial pressure than old at 80%WRmax (p<0.001). V̇O2/watt (40%WRmax; 80%WRmax) was reduced in old compared to young (both p<0.05). In conclusion, in old and young males with a similar handgrip WRmax, old had a higher V̇O2 during 80%WRmax intensity, achieved by an increased blood flow. This may be a result of the available cardiac output reserve, compensating for reduced work efficiency and attenuated vascular response observed in old.

• Tøien, Tiril; Nielsen, Jakob Lindberg; Berg, Ole Kristian Brones; Brobakken, Mathias Forsberg; Nyberg, Stian Kwak & Espedal, Lars [Vis alle 10 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2023). The impact of life-long strength versus endurance training on muscle fiber morphology and phenotype composition in older men. Journal of applied physiology. ISSN 8750-7587. 135(6), s. 1360–1371. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00208.2023. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Tøien, Tiril; Malmo, Thomas; Espedal, Lars & Wang, Eivind (2022). Maximal intended velocity enhances strength training-induced neuromuscular stimulation in older adults. European Journal of Applied Physiology. ISSN 1439-6319. 122(12), s. 2627–2636. doi: 10.1007/s00421-022-05045-8. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The age-related attenuation in neuromuscular function can be mitigated with strength training. Current recommendations for untrained and elderly recommend performing the strength training with a controlled movement velocity (CON). However, applying maximal intended velocity (MIV) in the concentric phase of movement may augment neuromuscular stimulation and potentially enhance training adaptations. Thus, applying rate of electromyography (EMG) rise (RER) recordings, we examined the acute early phase neuromuscular response to these two contraction types in quadriceps femoris during leg extension, along with actual movement velocity, in 12 older (76 ± 6 years) and 12 young men (23 ± 2 years). Results revealed that older adults had a lower one repetition maximum (1RM) than young (33 ± 9 kg vs. 50 ± 9 kg; p = 0.001) and lower actual velocity across relative intensities of ~ 10%, 30%, 50%, 70% and 90% of 1RM for CON and MIV (all p < 0.05). Older adults also had consistently reduced RER compared to young during both conditions (old: 1043–1810 μV; young: 1844–3015 μV; all p < 0.05). However, RER was higher in contractions with MIV compared to CON for both age groups, and across all intensities (98–674%, all p < 0.05). In conclusion, despite decreased maximal strength and attenuated neuromuscular response with advancing age, our results document an augmented neuromuscular activation when repetitions are performed with MIV in the concentric phase of movement.

• Tøien, Tiril; Unhjem, Runar Jakobsen; Berg, Ole Kristian; Aagaard, Per & Wang, Eivind (2022). Strength versus endurance trained master athletes : contrasting neurophysiological adaptations. Experimental Gerontology. ISSN 0531-5565. 171(2023)(January), s. 1–12. doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.112038. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Neural factors play a critical role in the age-related decline in maximal strength and rate of force development (RFD). However, it is uncertain how the age-related attenuation in neuromuscular function may be mitigated in strength or endurance trained master athletes. In this study we applied evoked spinal motoneuron recordings to examine descending motor drive, i.e., efferent drive from supraspinal and spinal centres during maximal voluntary contraction (MVC; V-wave) and H-reflex excitability measured at 10 % MVC in older (>65 yrs) and younger (<35 yrs) strength athletes (n = 21), endurance athletes (n = 17) and untrained control participants (n = 30). Both strength (b = 0.09 [0.01–0.18], p = 0.038) and endurance training (b = 0.14 [0.04–0.23], p = 0.006) were associated with a high V-wave amplitude. This was likely explained by an elevated H-reflex excitability (b = 0.23 [0.11–0.35], p < 0.001) in endurance trained participants, which failed to be seen in strength trained participants. These contrasting neurophysiological properties were accompanied by different physiological traits; strength training was associated with high maximal strength (b = 107.5 [84.6 to 130.4] kg, p < 0.001) and RFD (b = 3171 [2248 to 4094] N‧s−1, p < 0.001), whereas endurance training was associated with elevated maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max; b = 13.6 [8.0–19.2] ml‧kg−1‧min−1, p < 0.001). This pattern was apparent irrespective of age, although all traits were negatively associated with advanced age (p < 0.05). In conclusion, strength trained individuals demonstrate higher descending motor drive (elevated V-wave responses), compared to age-matched untrained individuals. Endurance trained individuals also showed elevated V-wave responses, uniquely accompanied by enhanced α-motoneuron excitability and/or reduced pre/postsynaptic inhibition (elevated H-reflex responses). Since a high descending motor drive is a key component of strong muscle contractions, strength training should be emphasized to sustain the ability to carry out force-dependent tasks at older age. Keywords: lifelong strength training, descending motor drive, spinal motoneuron excitability, maximal muscle strength, rate of force development

• Tøien, Tiril; Haglo, Håvard Pedersen; Nyberg, Stian Kwak; Rao, Shalini Vasudev; Stunes, Astrid Kamilla & Mosti, Mats Peder [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2021). Maximal strength training-induced increase in efferent neural drive is not reflected in relative protein expression of SERCA. European Journal of Applied Physiology. ISSN 1439-6319. 121(12), s. 3421–3430. doi: 10.1007/s00421-021-04807-0. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Introduction Maximal strength training (MST), performed with heavy loads (~ 90% of one repetition maximum; 1RM) and few repetitions, yields large improvements in efferent neural drive, skeletal muscle force production, and skeletal muscle efficiency. However, it is elusive whether neural adaptations following such high intensity strength training may be accompanied by alterations in energy-demanding muscular factors. Methods Sixteen healthy young males (24 ± 4 years) were randomized to MST 3 times per week for 8 weeks (n = 8), or a control group (CG; n = 8). Measurements included 1RM and rate of force development (RFD), and evoked potentials recordings (V-wave and H-reflex normalized to M-wave (M) in the soleus muscle) applied to assess efferent neural drive to maximally contracting skeletal muscle. Biopsies were obtained from vastus lateralis and analyzed by western blots and real-time PCR to investigate the relative protein expression and mRNA expression of Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) 1 and SERCA2. Results Significant improvements in 1RM (17 ± 9%; p < 0.001) and early (0–100 ms), late (0–200 ms) and maximal RFD (31–53%; p < 0.01) were observed after MST, accompanied by increased maximal Vmax/Msup-ratio (9 ± 14%; p = 0.046), with no change in H-reflex to M-wave ratio. No changes were observed in the CG. No pre- to post-training differences were found in mRNA or protein expressions of SERCA1 and SERCA2 in either group. Conclusion MST increased efferent neural drive to maximally contracting skeletal muscle, causing improved force production. No change was observed in SERCA expression, indicating that responses to high intensity strength training may predominantly be governed by neural adaptations.

• Unhjem, Runar Jakobsen; Tøien, Tiril; Kvellestad, Ann Charlotte; Øren, Thomas Storehaug & Wang, Eivind (2020). External resistance is imperative for training-induced efferent neural drive enhancement in older adults. The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences. ISSN 1079-5006. 76(2), s. 224–232. doi: 10.1093/gerona/glaa160. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Strength training performed with heavy loads and maximal intended velocity is documented to enhance efferent neural drive to maximally contracting musculature in older adults. However, it remains unclear whether the neural plasticity following training result from motor skill learning or if external resistance is a prerequisite. To investigate this, we assessed electrically evoked potentials (H-reflex and V-waves normalized to maximal M-wave) and voluntary activation (VA) in 36 older adults (73 ± 4 years) randomized to 3 weeks of plantar flexion strength training, with (maximal strength training [MST]) or without (unloaded ballistic training [UBT]) heavy external loading (90% of one repetition maximum), or a control group. Both training groups aimed to execute the concentric phase of movement as fast and forcefully as possible. The MST group improved maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) and rate of force development (RFD) by 18% ± 13% (p = .001; Hedges g = 0.66) and 35% ± 17% (p < .001; g = 0.94), respectively, and this was different (MVC: p = .013; RFD: p = .001) from the UBT group which exhibited a 7% ± 8% (p = .033; g = 0.32) increase in MVC and a tendency to increase RFD (p = .119; g = 0.22). Concomitant improvements in efferent neural drive (Vmax/Msup ratio: 0.14 ± 0.08 to 0.24 ± 0.20; p = .010) and a tendency towards increased VA (79% ± 9% to 84% ± 5%; p = .098), were only apparent after MST. No changes were observed in Hmax/Mmax ratio for the groups. In conclusion, external loading during exercise training appears to be a prerequisite for efferent neural drive enhancement in older adults. Thus, strength training with heavy loads should be recommended to counteract the typically observed age-related decline in motoneuron firing frequency and recruitment. Keywords: Ballistic training, Firing frequency, Motor unit recruitment, Strength training.

• Tøien, Tiril; Haglo, Håvard Pedersen; Unhjem, Runar Jakobsen; Hoff, Jan & Wang, Eivind (2018). Maximal strength training : the impact of eccentric overload. Journal of Neurophysiology. ISSN 0022-3077. 120(6), s. 2868–2876. doi: 10.1152/jn.00609.2018. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The search for the most potent strength training intervention is continuous. Maximal strength training (MST) yields large improvements in force-generating capacity (FGC), largely attributed to efferent neural drive enhancement. However, it remains elusive whether eccentric overload, before the concentric phase, may augment training-induced neuromuscular adaptations. A total of 53 23 ± 3 (SD)-yr-old untrained males were randomized to either a nontraining control group (CG) or one of two training groups performing leg press strength training with linear progression, three times per week for 8 wk. The first training group carried out MST with four sets of four repetitions at ~90% one-repetition maximum (1RM) in both action phases. The second group performed MST with an augmented eccentric load of 150% 1RM (eMST). Measurements were taken of 1RM and rate of force development (RFD), countermovement jump (CMJ) performance, and evoked potentials recordings [V-wave (V) and H-reflex (H) normalized to M-wave (M) in musculus soleus]. 1RM increased from 133 ± 16 to 157 ± 23 kg and 123 ± 18 to 149 ± 22 kg and CMJ by 2.3 ± 3.6 and 2.2 ± 3.7cm for MST and eMST, respectively (all P < 0.05). Early, late, and maximal RFD increased in both groups [634–1,501 N/s (MST); 644–2,111 N/s (eMST); P < 0.05]. These functional improvements were accompanied by increased V/M-ratio (MST: 0.34 ± 0.11 to 0.42 ± 14; eMST: .36 ± 0.14 to 0.43 ± 13; P < 0.05). Resting H/M-ratio remained unchanged. Training-induced improvements did not differ. All increases, except for CMJ, were different from the CG. MST is an enterprise for large gains in FGC and functional performance. Eccentric overload did not induce additional improvements, suggesting firing frequency and motor unit recruitment during MST may be maximal.

• Øvretveit, Karsten & Tøien, Tiril (2018). Maximal strength training improves strength performance in grapplers. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. ISSN 1064-8011. 32(12), s. 3326–3332. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000002863. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The aim of this study was to assess the short-term effects of maximal strength training (MST) as an accessory to grappling training on strength performance in competitive Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu (BJJ) athletes. Fourteen male BJJ athletes underwent measurements of 1 repetition maximum (1RM) in the squat and bench press, rate of force development (RFD) and peak force (PF) in the squat jump, countermovement jump (CMJ) height, and muscular endurance in pull-ups, sit-ups, and push-ups. After baseline measurements, subjects were randomly allocated to either an MST group or control group (CON). The MST intervention consisted of 4 × 4 repetitions at ≥ 85% of 1RM in the squat and bench press, and 4 sets of pull-ups to failure, performed 3× per week. Both groups were instructed to maintain their BJJ training and avoid additional strength training. Maximal strength training improved 1RM in the squat and bench press by 15 ± 9% (p = 0.02) and 11 ± 3% (p = 0.03), respectively, and CMJ height by 9 ± 7% (p = 0.04). Muscular endurance performance increased by 33 ± 33% in pull-ups (p = 0.03), 32 ± 12% in push-ups (p = 0.03), and 13 ± 13% in sit-ups (p = 0.03). Increases in RFD (35 ± 55%, p = 0.13) and PF (8 ± 9%, p = 0.09) did not reach significance. No improvements were apparent from BJJ training alone (p > 0.05). These findings suggest that MST is a potent approach to rapid improvements in maximal strength, power, and muscular endurance in active grapplers.

• Tøien, Tiril; Unhjem, Runar Jakobsen; Øren, Thomas Storehaug; Kvellestad, Ann Charlotte; Hoff, Jan & Wang, Eivind (2017). Neural plasticity with age: Unilateral maximal strength training augments efferent neural drive to the contralateral limb in older adults. The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences. ISSN 1079-5006. 73(5), s. 596–602. doi: 10.1093/gerona/glx218. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Efferent neural drive during strong muscle contractions is attenuated with age, even after life-long strength training. However, it is unknown if this deterioration may impede contralateral neural plasticity, and limit the clinical value of unilateral strength training. We assessed muscle force-generating capacity, evoked potentials recordings (V-wave and H-reflex normalized to M-wave; V/M-ratio and H/M-ratio) and voluntary activation (VA) in the plantar flexors of the contralateral limb following unilateral maximal strength training (MST) with the dominant limb for 3 weeks (nine sessions). Twenty-three 73 ± 4(SD) year old males were randomized to a MST group (N = 11), exercising with an intensity of ~90% of maximal strength, or a control group (CG, N = 12). MST improved contralateral maximal strength (107.6 ± 27.0 to 119.1 ± 34.8 Nm; 10%) and rate of force development (197.3 ± 54.1 to 232.8 ± 77.7 Nm s−1; 18%) (both p < .05). These strength gains were associated with (r = 0.465–0.608) an enhanced soleus V/M-ratio (0.12 ± 0.09 to 0.21 ± 0.17) and VA (79.5 ± 5.1 to 83.3 ± 5.2%) (all p < .05). H/M-ratio (10% maximal strength) remained unaltered after MST, and no changes were apparent in the CG. In conclusion, cross-limb effects in older adults are regulated by efferent neural drive enhancement, and advocate the clinical relevance of MST to improve neuromuscular function in individuals with conditions that results in unilateral strength reductions.

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• Brobakken, Mathias Forsberg; Sherman, Ronan Aron; Berg, Ole Kristian; Izadi, Mani; Tøien, Tiril Hoksnes & Unhjem, Runar Jakobsen [Vis alle 7 forfattere av denne artikkelen] (2026). Neuromuscular benefits persist into very old age in strength-trained octogenarian master athletes: A 10-year follow-up study. Book of abstracts 31st annual congress of the European College of Sport Science. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Tøien, Tiril; Berg, Ole Kristian; Modena, Roberto; Brobakken, Mathias Forsberg & Wang, Eivind (2025). Correction to ‘Heavy Strength Training in Older Adults: Implications for Health, Disease and Physical Performance’. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle. ISSN 2190-5991. 16(2). doi: 10.1002/jcsm.70014. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  This article corrects the following: Tøien, T., Berg, O., Modena, R., Brobakken, M. and Wang, E. (2025), Heavy Strength Training in Older Adults: Implications for Health, Disease and Physical Performance. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle, 16: e13804, https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.13804

• Tøien, Tiril (2021). Transpersoner i OL. [TV]. NRK P2 Dagsnytt atten. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Tøien, Tiril (2021). Når inkludering blir urettferdig. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  Når transkvinnen Laurel Hubbard får konkurrere i kvinneklassen, svekker vi idrettens prinsipp om rettferdig konkurranse.

• Tøien, Tiril (2023). Neuromuscular performance in the ageing human : the impact of strength training. Høgskulen i Volda; Høgskolen i Molde - Vitenskapelig høgskole i logistikk. ISSN 9788279623489. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv

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