Kleivenes, Ole Martin & Rekdal, Per Kristian
(2026).
Equal Opportunities at the Net: Geometric Insights Into Volleyball Scaling.
European Journal of Sport Science (EJSS).
ISSN 1746-1391.
26(6).
doi: 10.1002/ejsc.70184.
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This paper investigates how volleyball net height can be scaled to account for differences in vertical spike reach. Although suchdifferences are not exclusively determined by sex, the observed gap between male and female players makes sex‐based com-parisons particularly relevant. The official net heights of 243 cm for men and 224 cm for women differ by 19 cm, a regulationintended to compensate for physical disparities between the sexes. We examine whether this adjustment ensures comparableoffensive opportunities when evaluated in terms of observed spike reach. To isolate the geometric effect, other performance‐related factors are deliberately disregarded. Using a geometric model linking net height to spike reach, our analysis showsthat the current 19 cm gap is insufficient to ensure equal attacking opportunities. At the elite level, geometric equivalence wouldrequire lowering the women's net to about 213 cm or raising the men's net to about 253 cm. The disadvantage faced by femaleplayers becomes even more pronounced at lower performance levels.
Oltedal, Elizabeth; Gamlem, Siv Therese Måseidvåg; Kleivenes, Ole Martin; Ryslett, Kari & Vasset, Thorstein
(2016).
Teachers’ assessment experiences and perceptions
in the practical-aesthetic subjects.
Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research.
ISSN 0031-3831.
60(6),
s. 649–662.
doi: 10.1080/00313831.2015.1066431.
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A challenge for the practical-aesthetic subjects is the perception that they are less important than theoretical knowledge subjects. These subjects are among the non-core subjects receiving highest grades in Norwegian lower secondary schools, but also represent the highest number of complaints about grading. This study investigates teachers’ experience and perceptions of assessment in the practical-aesthetic subjects, through the response to an open-ended questionnaire from 28 teachers, and individual semi-structured interviews with four of these teachers. Results suggest that teachers of the practical-aesthetic subjects promote low status for these subjects, through their teaching and assessment practice.