Terje Lauvaas Andersen

• Andersen, Terje Lauvaas & Halse, Lise Lillebrygfjeld (2023). Product lifecycle information flow in e-waste handling : a means to increase circularity? Circular Economy and Sustainability. ISSN 2730-597X. 3(4), p. 1941–1962. doi: 10.1007/s43615-023-00258-1. Show summary

  lectronic waste (e-waste) is a growing waste stream. In Europe, e-waste is regulated by the Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive. Each manufacturer or importer is responsible for the end-of-life (EoL) treatment of the equipment it handles, although this task is usually outsourced to producer responsibility organizations (PROs) that collect and treat the e-waste. The WEEE regime has been criticized for focusing on waste handling according to the traditional linear economy, while, in a circular economy, the goal is to eliminate waste. Information sharing helps improve circularity, and digital technology is seen as enabling information transparency and visibility in the supply chain. However, there is need for empirical studies demonstrating the use of information in supply chains to improve circularity. We conducted a case study of a manufacturer, including its subsidiaries and PROs in eight European countries, in which we investigated the product lifecycle information flow related to e-waste. Our findings indicate that product lifecycle information is available, but that it is provided for purposes other than e-waste handling. Actors are willing to share this information, but it is not regarded as useful for EoL treatment since the actors involved in EoL handling believe that using this information could lead to delays and poorer performance in e-waste handling. Our findings contradict the optimistic view of digital technology as improving circularity in circular supply chain management. The findings further give reason to question the implementation of digital technology to improve the product lifecycle information flow as long as the involved actors do not request this information.

• Andersen, Terje; Bressanelli, Gianmarco; Saccani, Nicola & Franceschi, Benedetta (2022). Information systems and circular manufacturing strategies : the role of master data. In Kim, Duck Young; von Cieminski, Gregor & Romero, David (Ed.), Advances in production management systems : smart manufacturing and logistics systems : turning ideas into action : IFIP WG 5.7 International Conference, APMS 2022, Gyeongju, South Korea, September 25–29, 2022, Proceedings, Part II. Springer. ISSN 978-3-031-16411-8. p. 26–33. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-16411-8_4. Show summary

  In the transition towards a more sustainable future, circular economy is a key concept. Manufacturers play a key role in this transition, and different circular manufacturing strategies rely on digital technologies and information systems to be fulfilled. These systems and technologies need master data, basic data a firm’s business activities are based on, to work. However, manufacturing companies still have little knowledge on which master data are needed, and how these data can support decisions in circular manufacturing strategies. In this paper, we bridge different circular manufacturing strategies with important master data elements in a framework for master data management. The basis for the framework is scientific literature within the domains of circular manufacturing strategies and information systems. The framework can be used by researchers to explore master data requirements for different strategies, and by practitioners to get an overview of data requirements for different circular manufacturing strategies. Keywords: circular manufacturing, master data, master data management

• Andersen, Terje & Jæger, Bjørn (2021). Circularity for electric and electronic equipment (EEE), the Edge and Distributed Ledger (Edge&DL) model. Sustainability. ISSN 2071-1050. 13(17), p. 1–23. doi: 10.3390/su13179924. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  In the transition to a circular focus on electric and electronic products, manufacturers play a key role as the originators of both the products and the information about the products. While the waste electric and electronic equipment (WEEE) directive’s contemporary focus is on handling the product as waste after its end of life, the circular economy focuses on retaining the product’s value with a restorative system. The polluter-pays principle requires producers of pollution to bear the costs of handling the pollution, leading to the extended producer responsibility (EPR) principle. This requires manufacturers to change their focus from their current passive role of out-sourcing end-oflife treatment to taking explicit responsibility for product management over an extended period of time. This paper investigates how a manufacturer can assume its responsibility to achieve circularity for its products. Based on our findings, three fundamental circularity principles, the circular electric and electronic equipment (CEEE) principles, for manufactures of electronic and electrical equipment are defined: (1) Serialize product identifiers, (2) data controlled by their authoritative source at the edge, and (3) independent actors’ access to edge data via a distributer ledger are the foundation of the Edge and Distributed Ledger (Edge&DL) model. We demonstrate the model through a case study of how to achieve circularity for lighting equipment. The CEEE principles and the demonstrated model contribute to building new circularity systems for electronic and electric products that let manufacturers undertake their extended product responsibility. Keywords: circularity, circular supply chains, distributed ledger, edge computing, e-waste, WEEE, case study

• Andersen, Terje (2021). A comparative study of national variations of the European WEEE directive : manufacturer’s view. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. ISSN 0944-1344. 29(14), p. 19920–19939. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-13206-z. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  We are facing the challenge of rapid growth in waste from electrical products (e-waste). In Europe, handling e-waste is regulated by the European Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) directive, which is based on the extended producer responsibility (EPR) model as a regulatory tool forcing manufacturers and importers to take responsibility for their products throughout their lifecycles. However, the directive allows for great variations in implementations in each country, causing e-manufacturers and e-waste handling operators to face challenges in their transition to more sustainable operations. To identify the challenges involved, this study investigates the effect of the WEEE directive from a manufacturer’s perspective. A case study of an e-manufacturer operating subsidiaries in several European countries and the associated producer responsibility organizations (PROs) is presented. The case study includes interviews from 17 stakeholders in 12 organizations in eight European countries. Key findings are as follows. First, the WEEE data reported are not harmonized. Second, the calculations of the environmental fee differ across countries. Third, following up on different national WEEE obligations sometimes leads to over-reporting to avoid negative effects on environmental corporate social responsibility, brand reputation, and profitability. Fourth, outsourcing end-of-life (EoL) treatment responsibility to PROs is seen as positive by the manufacturer but results in a decoupling of the EPR and the operational EoL treatment, which may reduce efforts to transfer to a higher circularity level of its EEE products. Fifth, WEEE is considered a way for e-manufacturers to handle waste not to adopt a circular focus. This paper contributes to both practitioners and researchers within reverse logistics and sustainability by adding knowledge from real-life context of how EPR is implemented in WEEE.

• Andersen, Terje; Jæger, Bjørn & Mishra, Alok (2020). Circularity in waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) directive. Comparison of a manufacturer's Danish and Norwegian operations. Sustainability. ISSN 2071-1050. 12(13), p. 1–15. doi: 10.3390/su12135236. Full text in Research Archive Show summary

  Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) as a reverse supply chain (RSC) has a low degree of circularity, mainly focusing on recovering or recycling. Targets to increase the circularity have recently been introduced in the EU WEEE directive. In this case study, we have investigated how WEEE is handled within an electric and electronic (EE) equipment manufacturer. The case study includes findings from two different Nordic countries, Norway and Denmark, with interviews of six stakeholders. The case study shows that there are significant differences in how the case company fulfills its extended producer responsibility (EPR), especially related to reporting. The study also found that there is a mismatch between the ambitions in the WEEE directive and a company’s approach related to circularity in the end-of-life phase of an EE product. Based on the results of this case study and from the literature we propose recommendations on alignment with other directives and on a common information regime within the WEEE RSC. Keywords: waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE); product information flow; reverse supply chain; manufacturer; circularity.

View all works in Cristin

• Hogset, Heidi; Mauseth, Roland; Sefland, Signe; Andersen, Terje Lauvaas & Myhre, Arild (2023). Forskere fikk se Campus: - Dette blir spennende. [Newspaper]. Tidens Krav Pluss.
• Andersen, Terje (2021). From WEEE to CEEE : information flow in a reverse supply chain seen from a manufacturers view.
• Smiseth, Dordi & Andersen, Terje (2020). Digitalisering og sirkulær økonomi : to sider av samme sak?
• Andersen, Terje (2020). Product information flow in reverse supply chains : a case study of the WEEE category lighting equipment.
• Andersen, Terje Lauvaas; Mwesiumo, Deodat Edward & Svenning, Geir Arne (2023). Hvilken type kompetanse og kunnskap trengs for å lykkes med grønne offentlige anskaffelser i samferdselsprosjekt? . Høgskolen i Molde - Vitenskapelig høgskole i logistikk. ISSN 978-82-7962-356-4. Show summary

  Offentlige anskaffelser er viktig for å lykkes med det grønne skiftet. I denne rapporten har vi prøvd å avdekke hvilken kompetanse og kunnskap som er viktig for å lykkes med grønne anskaffelser i samferdselssektoren. I tillegg kommer vi med forslag på hvordan kunnskap og kompetanseheving kan utvikles. Datainnsamlingen er tredelt. Først er en del norske og internasjonale rapporter gjennomgått for å avdekke kunnskap og kompetansebehov. Videre er det foretatt fokusintervju med en del ansatte i sektoren. Basert på disse intervjuene er en spørreundersøkelse om grønne offentlige anskaffelser gjennomført i samferdselssektoren. Undersøkelsen avslører at det er et høyt utdanningsnivå blant de som arbeider med anskaffelser innenfor sektoren. De ansatte vurderer grønne anskaffelser å være av vesentlig betydning og aktivt engasjerer seg i problematikken. Med hensyn til kompetanse og nivå av ekspertise, anser de ansatte sin egen kompetanse som moderat, selv om en mer kritisk tolkning kan indikere en viss grad av underprestasjon på dette området. Ansatte mener man har behov for mer kompetanse innen en rekke områder relatert til grønne anskaffelser, eksempelvis utarbeidelse av grønn anskaffelsesstrategi, generell kompetanse om grønne anskaffelser og kompetanse om regelverk. Respondentene gir også tilbakemelding på hvordan de ønsker at kompetanse og kunnskapsløft skal organiseres. Dette kan oppsummeres i tre deler, kortere kurs, deltakelse i kompetansenettverk og digitale tilbud. Universitets- og høgskolesektoren (UH) har en viktig rolle i form av å skape innhold i disse tilbudene. Hvem som skal organisere disse tilbudene tar rapporten ikke stilling til.

• Andersen, Terje (2022). From waste to circularity in e-waste handling : manufacturer’s view. Høgskolen i Molde - Vitenskapelig høgskole i logistikk. ISSN 978-82-7962-314-4.
• Sakita, Benjamin Mosses; Klymenko, Olena; Andersen, Terje & Taknæs, Tommy Buckholm (2020). The role of blockchain in green supplier selection process : an insight from the Norwegian shipbuilding industry. Molde University College - Specialized University in Logistics. ISSN 978-82-7962-298-7.

View all works in Cristin